From Proto-Bantu *-dèka (“let, let go, cease, allow”). The expected reflex would be -leka. However, some Nguni dialects have /j/ as a regular reflex of *d, so this may be explained as a borrowing from another dialect.
-yeka
- to stop
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
From Proto-Bantu *-dèka (“let, let go, cease, allow”). The expected reflex would be -leka. However, some Nguni dialects have /j/ as a regular reflex of *d, so this may be explained as a borrowing from another dialect.
IPA(key): /jeːɠa/
-yeka
- to stop
- to let go
- to leave alone
Tone L
|
Infinitive
|
ukuyeka
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukuyeka
|
ukungayeki
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
yeka
|
-yeke
|
Plural
|
yekani
|
-yekeni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyayeka, ngiyeka
|
engiyekayo, engiyeka
|
ngiyeka
|
angiyeki
|
engingayeki
|
ngingayeki
|
2nd singular
|
uyayeka, uyeka
|
oyekayo, oyeka
|
uyeka
|
awuyeki
|
ongayeki
|
ungayeki
|
1st plural
|
siyayeka, siyeka
|
esiyekayo, esiyeka
|
siyeka
|
asiyeki
|
esingayeki
|
singayeki
|
2nd plural
|
niyayeka, niyeka
|
eniyekayo, eniyeka
|
niyeka
|
aniyeki
|
eningayeki
|
ningayeki
|
Class 1
|
uyayeka, uyeka
|
oyekayo, oyeka
|
eyeka
|
akayeki
|
ongayeki
|
engayeki
|
Class 2
|
bayayeka, bayeka
|
abayekayo, abayeka
|
beyeka
|
abayeki
|
abangayeki
|
bengayeki
|
Class 3
|
uyayeka, uyeka
|
oyekayo, oyeka
|
uyeka
|
awuyeki
|
ongayeki
|
ungayeki
|
Class 4
|
iyayeka, iyeka
|
eyekayo, eyeka
|
iyeka
|
ayiyeki
|
engayeki
|
ingayeki
|
Class 5
|
liyayeka, liyeka
|
eliyekayo, eliyeka
|
liyeka
|
aliyeki
|
elingayeki
|
lingayeki
|
Class 6
|
ayayeka, ayeka
|
ayekayo, ayeka
|
eyeka
|
awayeki
|
angayeki
|
engayeki
|
Class 7
|
siyayeka, siyeka
|
esiyekayo, esiyeka
|
siyeka
|
asiyeki
|
esingayeki
|
singayeki
|
Class 8
|
ziyayeka, ziyeka
|
eziyekayo, eziyeka
|
ziyeka
|
aziyeki
|
ezingayeki
|
zingayeki
|
Class 9
|
iyayeka, iyeka
|
eyekayo, eyeka
|
iyeka
|
ayiyeki
|
engayeki
|
ingayeki
|
Class 10
|
ziyayeka, ziyeka
|
eziyekayo, eziyeka
|
ziyeka
|
aziyeki
|
ezingayeki
|
zingayeki
|
Class 11
|
luyayeka, luyeka
|
oluyekayo, oluyeka
|
luyeka
|
aluyeki
|
olungayeki
|
lungayeki
|
Class 14
|
buyayeka, buyeka
|
obuyekayo, obuyeka
|
buyeka
|
abuyeki
|
obungayeki
|
bungayeki
|
Class 15
|
kuyayeka, kuyeka
|
okuyekayo, okuyeka
|
kuyeka
|
akuyeki
|
okungayeki
|
kungayeki
|
Class 17
|
kuyayeka, kuyeka
|
okuyekayo, okuyeka
|
kuyeka
|
akuyeki
|
okungayeki
|
kungayeki
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyekile, ngiyekē
|
engiyekile, engiyekē
|
ngiyekile, ngiyekē
|
angiyekanga
|
engingayekanga
|
ngingayekanga
|
2nd singular
|
uyekile, uyekē
|
oyekile, oyekē
|
uyekile, uyekē
|
awuyekanga
|
ongayekanga
|
ungayekanga
|
1st plural
|
siyekile, siyekē
|
esiyekile, esiyekē
|
siyekile, siyekē
|
asiyekanga
|
esingayekanga
|
singayekanga
|
2nd plural
|
niyekile, niyekē
|
eniyekile, eniyekē
|
niyekile, niyekē
|
aniyekanga
|
eningayekanga
|
ningayekanga
|
Class 1
|
uyekile, uyekē
|
oyekile, oyekē
|
eyekile, eyekē
|
akayekanga
|
ongayekanga
|
engayekanga
|
Class 2
|
bayekile, bayekē
|
abayekile, abayekē
|
beyekile, beyekē
|
abayekanga
|
abangayekanga
|
bengayekanga
|
Class 3
|
uyekile, uyekē
|
oyekile, oyekē
|
uyekile, uyekē
|
awuyekanga
|
ongayekanga
|
ungayekanga
|
Class 4
|
iyekile, iyekē
|
eyekile, eyekē
|
iyekile, iyekē
|
ayiyekanga
|
engayekanga
|
ingayekanga
|
Class 5
|
liyekile, liyekē
|
eliyekile, eliyekē
|
liyekile, liyekē
|
aliyekanga
|
elingayekanga
|
lingayekanga
|
Class 6
|
ayekile, ayekē
|
ayekile, ayekē
|
eyekile, eyekē
|
awayekanga
|
angayekanga
|
engayekanga
|
Class 7
|
siyekile, siyekē
|
esiyekile, esiyekē
|
siyekile, siyekē
|
asiyekanga
|
esingayekanga
|
singayekanga
|
Class 8
|
ziyekile, ziyekē
|
eziyekile, eziyekē
|
ziyekile, ziyekē
|
aziyekanga
|
ezingayekanga
|
zingayekanga
|
Class 9
|
iyekile, iyekē
|
eyekile, eyekē
|
iyekile, iyekē
|
ayiyekanga
|
engayekanga
|
ingayekanga
|
Class 10
|
ziyekile, ziyekē
|
eziyekile, eziyekē
|
ziyekile, ziyekē
|
aziyekanga
|
ezingayekanga
|
zingayekanga
|
Class 11
|
luyekile, luyekē
|
oluyekile, oluyekē
|
luyekile, luyekē
|
aluyekanga
|
olungayekanga
|
lungayekanga
|
Class 14
|
buyekile, buyekē
|
obuyekile, obuyekē
|
buyekile, buyekē
|
abuyekanga
|
obungayekanga
|
bungayekanga
|
Class 15
|
kuyekile, kuyekē
|
okuyekile, okuyekē
|
kuyekile, kuyekē
|
akuyekanga
|
okungayekanga
|
kungayekanga
|
Class 17
|
kuyekile, kuyekē
|
okuyekile, okuyekē
|
kuyekile, kuyekē
|
akuyekanga
|
okungayekanga
|
kungayekanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāyeka
|
engāyeka
|
ngāyeka
|
angiyekanga
|
engingayekanga
|
ngingayekanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāyeka
|
owāyeka
|
wāyeka
|
awuyekanga
|
ongayekanga
|
ungayekanga
|
1st plural
|
sāyeka
|
esāyeka
|
sāyeka
|
asiyekanga
|
esingayekanga
|
singayekanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāyeka
|
enāyeka
|
nāyeka
|
aniyekanga
|
eningayekanga
|
ningayekanga
|
Class 1
|
wāyeka
|
owāyeka
|
āyeka
|
akayekanga
|
ongayekanga
|
engayekanga
|
Class 2
|
bāyeka
|
abāyeka
|
bāyeka
|
abayekanga
|
abangayekanga
|
bengayekanga
|
Class 3
|
wāyeka
|
owāyeka
|
wāyeka
|
awuyekanga
|
ongayekanga
|
ungayekanga
|
Class 4
|
yāyeka
|
eyāyeka
|
yāyeka
|
ayiyekanga
|
engayekanga
|
ingayekanga
|
Class 5
|
lāyeka
|
elāyeka
|
lāyeka
|
aliyekanga
|
elingayekanga
|
lingayekanga
|
Class 6
|
āyeka
|
āyeka
|
āyeka
|
awayekanga
|
angayekanga
|
engayekanga
|
Class 7
|
sāyeka
|
esāyeka
|
sāyeka
|
asiyekanga
|
esingayekanga
|
singayekanga
|
Class 8
|
zāyeka
|
ezāyeka
|
zāyeka
|
aziyekanga
|
ezingayekanga
|
zingayekanga
|
Class 9
|
yāyeka
|
eyāyeka
|
yāyeka
|
ayiyekanga
|
engayekanga
|
ingayekanga
|
Class 10
|
zāyeka
|
ezāyeka
|
zāyeka
|
aziyekanga
|
ezingayekanga
|
zingayekanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāyeka
|
olwāyeka
|
lwāyeka
|
aluyekanga
|
olungayekanga
|
lungayekanga
|
Class 14
|
bāyeka
|
obāyeka
|
bāyeka
|
abuyekanga
|
obungayekanga
|
bungayekanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāyeka
|
okwāyeka
|
kwāyeka
|
akuyekanga
|
okungayekanga
|
kungayekanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāyeka
|
okwāyeka
|
kwāyeka
|
akuyekanga
|
okungayekanga
|
kungayekanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingayeka
|
—
|
ngingayeka
|
ngingeyeke
|
—
|
ngingeyeke
|
2nd singular
|
ungayeka
|
—
|
ungayeka
|
ungeyeke
|
—
|
ungeyeke
|
1st plural
|
singayeka
|
—
|
singayeka
|
singeyeke
|
—
|
singeyeke
|
2nd plural
|
ningayeka
|
—
|
ningayeka
|
ningeyeke
|
—
|
ningeyeke
|
Class 1
|
angayeka
|
—
|
engayeka
|
angeyeke
|
—
|
engeyeke
|
Class 2
|
bangayeka
|
—
|
bengayeka
|
bangeyeke
|
—
|
bengeyeke
|
Class 3
|
ungayeka
|
—
|
ungayeka
|
ungeyeke
|
—
|
ungeyeke
|
Class 4
|
ingayeka
|
—
|
ingayeka
|
ingeyeke
|
—
|
ingeyeke
|
Class 5
|
lingayeka
|
—
|
lingayeka
|
lingeyeke
|
—
|
lingeyeke
|
Class 6
|
angayeka
|
—
|
engayeka
|
angeyeke
|
—
|
engeyeke
|
Class 7
|
singayeka
|
—
|
singayeka
|
singeyeke
|
—
|
singeyeke
|
Class 8
|
zingayeka
|
—
|
zingayeka
|
zingeyeke
|
—
|
zingeyeke
|
Class 9
|
ingayeka
|
—
|
ingayeka
|
ingeyeke
|
—
|
ingeyeke
|
Class 10
|
zingayeka
|
—
|
zingayeka
|
zingeyeke
|
—
|
zingeyeke
|
Class 11
|
lungayeka
|
—
|
lungayeka
|
lungeyeke
|
—
|
lungeyeke
|
Class 14
|
bungayeka
|
—
|
bungayeka
|
bungeyeke
|
—
|
bungeyeke
|
Class 15
|
kungayeka
|
—
|
kungayeka
|
kungeyeke
|
—
|
kungeyeke
|
Class 17
|
kungayeka
|
—
|
kungayeka
|
kungeyeke
|
—
|
kungeyeke
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizoyeka
|
engizoyeka
|
ngizoyeka
|
angizuyeka
|
engingezuyeka
|
ngingezuyeka
|
2nd singular
|
uzoyeka
|
ozoyeka
|
uzoyeka
|
awuzuyeka
|
ongezuyeka
|
ungezuyeka
|
1st plural
|
sizoyeka
|
esizoyeka
|
sizoyeka
|
asizuyeka
|
esingezuyeka
|
singezuyeka
|
2nd plural
|
nizoyeka
|
enizoyeka
|
nizoyeka
|
anizuyeka
|
eningezuyeka
|
ningezuyeka
|
Class 1
|
uzoyeka
|
ozoyeka
|
ezoyeka
|
akazuyeka
|
ongezuyeka
|
engezuyeka
|
Class 2
|
bazoyeka
|
abazoyeka
|
bezoyeka
|
abazuyeka
|
abangezuyeka
|
bengezuyeka
|
Class 3
|
uzoyeka
|
ozoyeka
|
uzoyeka
|
awuzuyeka
|
ongezuyeka
|
ungezuyeka
|
Class 4
|
izoyeka
|
ezoyeka
|
izoyeka
|
ayizuyeka
|
engezuyeka
|
ingezuyeka
|
Class 5
|
lizoyeka
|
elizoyeka
|
lizoyeka
|
alizuyeka
|
elingezuyeka
|
lingezuyeka
|
Class 6
|
azoyeka
|
azoyeka
|
ezoyeka
|
awazuyeka
|
angezuyeka
|
engezuyeka
|
Class 7
|
sizoyeka
|
esizoyeka
|
sizoyeka
|
asizuyeka
|
esingezuyeka
|
singezuyeka
|
Class 8
|
zizoyeka
|
ezizoyeka
|
zizoyeka
|
azizuyeka
|
ezingezuyeka
|
zingezuyeka
|
Class 9
|
izoyeka
|
ezoyeka
|
izoyeka
|
ayizuyeka
|
engezuyeka
|
ingezuyeka
|
Class 10
|
zizoyeka
|
ezizoyeka
|
zizoyeka
|
azizuyeka
|
ezingezuyeka
|
zingezuyeka
|
Class 11
|
luzoyeka
|
oluzoyeka
|
luzoyeka
|
aluzuyeka
|
olungezuyeka
|
lungezuyeka
|
Class 14
|
buzoyeka
|
obuzoyeka
|
buzoyeka
|
abuzuyeka
|
obungezuyeka
|
bungezuyeka
|
Class 15
|
kuzoyeka
|
okuzoyeka
|
kuzoyeka
|
akuzuyeka
|
okungezuyeka
|
kungezuyeka
|
Class 17
|
kuzoyeka
|
okuzoyeka
|
kuzoyeka
|
akuzuyeka
|
okungezuyeka
|
kungezuyeka
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyoyeka
|
engiyoyeka
|
ngiyoyeka
|
angiyuyeka
|
engingeyuyeka
|
ngingeyuyeka
|
2nd singular
|
uyoyeka
|
oyoyeka
|
uyoyeka
|
awuyuyeka
|
ongeyuyeka
|
ungeyuyeka
|
1st plural
|
siyoyeka
|
esiyoyeka
|
siyoyeka
|
asiyuyeka
|
esingeyuyeka
|
singeyuyeka
|
2nd plural
|
niyoyeka
|
eniyoyeka
|
niyoyeka
|
aniyuyeka
|
eningeyuyeka
|
ningeyuyeka
|
Class 1
|
uyoyeka
|
oyoyeka
|
eyoyeka
|
akayuyeka
|
ongeyuyeka
|
engeyuyeka
|
Class 2
|
bayoyeka
|
abayoyeka
|
beyoyeka
|
abayuyeka
|
abangeyuyeka
|
bengeyuyeka
|
Class 3
|
uyoyeka
|
oyoyeka
|
uyoyeka
|
awuyuyeka
|
ongeyuyeka
|
ungeyuyeka
|
Class 4
|
iyoyeka
|
eyoyeka
|
iyoyeka
|
ayiyuyeka
|
engeyuyeka
|
ingeyuyeka
|
Class 5
|
liyoyeka
|
eliyoyeka
|
liyoyeka
|
aliyuyeka
|
elingeyuyeka
|
lingeyuyeka
|
Class 6
|
ayoyeka
|
ayoyeka
|
eyoyeka
|
awayuyeka
|
angeyuyeka
|
engeyuyeka
|
Class 7
|
siyoyeka
|
esiyoyeka
|
siyoyeka
|
asiyuyeka
|
esingeyuyeka
|
singeyuyeka
|
Class 8
|
ziyoyeka
|
eziyoyeka
|
ziyoyeka
|
aziyuyeka
|
ezingeyuyeka
|
zingeyuyeka
|
Class 9
|
iyoyeka
|
eyoyeka
|
iyoyeka
|
ayiyuyeka
|
engeyuyeka
|
ingeyuyeka
|
Class 10
|
ziyoyeka
|
eziyoyeka
|
ziyoyeka
|
aziyuyeka
|
ezingeyuyeka
|
zingeyuyeka
|
Class 11
|
luyoyeka
|
oluyoyeka
|
luyoyeka
|
aluyuyeka
|
olungeyuyeka
|
lungeyuyeka
|
Class 14
|
buyoyeka
|
obuyoyeka
|
buyoyeka
|
abuyuyeka
|
obungeyuyeka
|
bungeyuyeka
|
Class 15
|
kuyoyeka
|
okuyoyeka
|
kuyoyeka
|
akuyuyeka
|
okungeyuyeka
|
kungeyuyeka
|
Class 17
|
kuyoyeka
|
okuyoyeka
|
kuyoyeka
|
akuyuyeka
|
okungeyuyeka
|
kungeyuyeka
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngiyeke
|
ngingayeki
|
2nd singular
|
uyeke
|
ungayeki
|
1st plural
|
siyeke
|
singayeki
|
2nd plural
|
niyeke
|
ningayeki
|
Class 1
|
ayeke
|
angayeki
|
Class 2
|
bayeke
|
bangayeki
|
Class 3
|
uyeke
|
ungayeki
|
Class 4
|
iyeke
|
ingayeki
|
Class 5
|
liyeke
|
lingayeki
|
Class 6
|
ayeke
|
angayeki
|
Class 7
|
siyeke
|
singayeki
|
Class 8
|
ziyeke
|
zingayeki
|
Class 9
|
iyeke
|
ingayeki
|
Class 10
|
ziyeke
|
zingayeki
|
Class 11
|
luyeke
|
lungayeki
|
Class 14
|
buyeke
|
bungayeki
|
Class 15
|
kuyeke
|
kungayeki
|
Class 17
|
kuyeke
|
kungayeki
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngayeka
|
ngangayeka, angayeka, angangayeka
|
2nd singular
|
wayeka
|
wangayeka, awayeka, awangayeka
|
1st plural
|
sayeka
|
sangayeka, asayeka, asangayeka
|
2nd plural
|
nayeka
|
nangayeka, anayeka, anangayeka
|
Class 1
|
wayeka
|
wangayeka, akayeka, akangayeka
|
Class 2
|
bayeka
|
bangayeka, abayeka, abangayeka
|
Class 3
|
wayeka
|
wangayeka, awayeka, awangayeka
|
Class 4
|
yayeka
|
yangayeka, ayayeka, ayangayeka
|
Class 5
|
layeka
|
langayeka, alayeka, alangayeka
|
Class 6
|
ayeka
|
angayeka, awayeka, awangayeka
|
Class 7
|
sayeka
|
sangayeka, asayeka, asangayeka
|
Class 8
|
zayeka
|
zangayeka, azayeka, azangayeka
|
Class 9
|
yayeka
|
yangayeka, ayayeka, ayangayeka
|
Class 10
|
zayeka
|
zangayeka, azayeka, azangayeka
|
Class 11
|
lwayeka
|
lwangayeka, alwayeka, alwangayeka
|
Class 14
|
bayeka
|
bangayeka, abayeka, abangayeka
|
Class 15
|
kwayeka
|
kwangayeka, akwayeka, akwangayeka
|
Class 17
|
kwayeka
|
kwangayeka, akwayeka, akwangayeka
|
C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “-yeka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-yeka (6.3)”