stop
Translingual edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
stop
- (international standards) ITU & IMO radiotelephony clear code (spelling-alphabet name) for full stop.
English edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: stŏp, IPA(key): /stɒp/
- (General American) enPR: stäp, IPA(key): /stɑp/
Audio (General American) (file) Audio (Southern England) (file) Audio (Received Pronunciation, "a stop") (file) - Rhymes: -ɒp
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English stoppen, stoppien, from Old English stoppian (“to stop, close”), from Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn, from Proto-Germanic *stuppōną (“to stop, close”), *stuppijaną (“to push, pierce, prick”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-, *(s)tewb- (“to push; stick”), from *(s)tew- (“to bump; impact; butt; push; beat; strike; hit”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian stopje (“to stop, block”), West Frisian stopje (“to stop”), Dutch stoppen (“to stop”), Low German stoppen (“to stop”), German stopfen (“to be filling, stuff”), German stoppen (“to stop”), Danish stoppe (“to stop”), Swedish stoppa (“to stop”), Icelandic stoppa (“to stop”), Middle High German stupfen, stüpfen (“to pierce”). More at stuff, stump.
Alternative etymology derives Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn from an assumed Vulgar Latin *stūpāre, *stuppāre (“to stop up with tow”), from stūpa, stīpa, stuppa (“tow, flax, oakum”), from Ancient Greek στύπη (stúpē), στύππη (stúppē, “tow, flax, oakum”). This derivation, however, is doubtful, as the earliest instances of the Germanic verb do not carry the meaning of "stuff, stop with tow". Rather, these senses developed later in response to influence from similar sounding words in Latin and Romance.[1]
Verb edit
stop (third-person singular simple present stops, present participle stopping, simple past and past participle stopped)
- (intransitive) To cease moving.
- I stopped at the traffic lights.
- (intransitive) Not to continue.
- The riots stopped when police moved in.
- Soon the rain will stop.
- 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
- Then everybody once more knelt, and soon the blessing was pronounced. The choir and the clergy trooped out slowly, […] , down the nave to the western door. […] At a seemingly immense distance the surpliced group stopped to say the last prayer.
- (transitive) To cause (something) to cease moving or progressing.
- The sight of the armed men stopped him in his tracks.
- This guy is a fraudster. I need to stop the cheque I wrote him.
- 2013 June 1, “Ideas coming down the track”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 13 (Technology Quarterly):
- A “moving platform” scheme […] is more technologically ambitious than maglev trains even though it relies on conventional rails. […] This set-up solves several problems […]. Stopping high-speed trains wastes energy and time, so why not simply slow them down enough for a moving platform to pull alongside?
- (transitive) To cease; to no longer continue (doing something).
- One of the wrestlers suddenly stopped fighting.
- Please stop telling me those terrible jokes.
- (transitive) To cause (something) to come to an end.
- The referees stopped the fight.
- (causative, transitive, chiefly UK) To end someone else's activity.
- 1988, Jeanne Willis, Tony Ross, Dr Xargle's Book of Earthlets:
- When they have finished the milk they must be patted and squeezed to stop them exploding.
- (transitive) To close or block an opening.
- He stopped the wound with gauze.
- (transitive, intransitive, photography, often with "up" or "down") To adjust the aperture of a camera lens.
- To achieve maximum depth of field, he stopped down to an f-stop of 22.
- (intransitive) To stay; to spend a short time; to reside or tarry temporarily.
- to stop with a friend
- He stopped for two weeks at the inn.
- He stopped at his friend's house before continuing with his drive.
- 1887, R. D. Blackmore, Springhaven:
- by stopping at home till the money was gone
- 1931, E. F. Benson, chapter 7, in Mapp & Lucia[1]:
- She’s not going away. She’s going to stop here forever.
- (music) To regulate the sounds of (musical strings, etc.) by pressing them against the fingerboard with the finger, or otherwise shortening the vibrating part.
- (obsolete) To punctuate.
- 1828, Walter Savage Landor, “Alfieri and Salomon the Florentine Jew”, in Imaginary Conversations of Literary Men and Statesmen, volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC:
- if his sentences were properly stopped
- (nautical) To make fast; to stopper.
- (phonetics, transitive) To pronounce (a phoneme) as a stop.
- (finance, transitive) To delay the purchase or sale of (a stock) while agreeing the price for later.
- 1952, Charles Amos Dice, Wilford John Eiteman, The Stock Market, page 144:
- It will be noted that the specialist would have refused to stop the stock for broker X if he (the specialist) had only one order to sell at 85.
Usage notes edit
- This is a catenative verb that takes the gerund -ing to indicate the ending action (stop thinking), or the to infinitive to indicate the purpose of the interruption (stop to think). See Appendix:English catenative verbs for more information.
- When used causatively, the verb can either be followed directly by its dependent clause (for example, to stop them exploding) or take a helper word, usually from, before the clause (to stop them from exploding). The former usage is more common in Britain, and the latter usage more common in America.
Synonyms edit
- (to cease moving): brake, desist, halt; See also Thesaurus:stop
- (not to continue): blin, cease, desist, discontinue, halt, terminate; See also Thesaurus:desist
- (to cause to cease moving): arrest, freeze, halt; See also Thesaurus:immobilize
- (to cause to come to an end): blin, cancel, cease, discontinue, halt, terminate; See also Thesaurus:end
- (to tarry): hang about, hang around, linger, loiter, pause; See also Thesaurus:tarry
- (to reside temporarily): lodge, stop over; See also Thesaurus:sojourn
Antonyms edit
- (antonym(s) of "to cease moving"): continue, go, move, proceed
- (antonym(s) of "not to continue"): continue, proceed
- (antonym(s) of "to cause to cease moving"): continue, move
- (antonym(s) of "to cause to come to an end"): continue, move
Hyponyms edit
Derived terms edit
- couldn't stop a pig in a passage
- double-stop
- earth-stopping
- face that would stop a clock
- heart-stopping
- if you find yourself in a hole, the first thing to do is stop digging
- plow-stop
- rain stopped play
- showstopping
- stop, drop and roll
- stop-action
- stop and frisk
- stop-and-frisk
- stop-and-go
- stop-and-search
- stop and smell the flowers
- stop and smell the roses
- stop at nothing
- stopblock
- stopclock
- stopcock
- stop cold
- stop dead
- stopgap
- stop-go
- stop into
- stop lead
- stop light
- stop list
- stopover
- stoppable
- stopper
- stop press
- stop short
- stop sign
- stop someone in their tracks
- stop someone's clock
- stop-start
- stop the bleeding
- stop the car
- stop the lights
- stop the presses
- stop thief
- stop thrust
- stop-time
- stop to smell the roses
- stop traffic
- stop two gaps with one bush
- stopwatch
- stop word
- stop-work
- the buck stops here
Descendants edit
- → Finnish: stop
- → French: stop
- → Greek: στοπ (stop)
- → Hungarian: stop
- → Irish: stop
- → Italian: stop
- → Latvian: stop
- → Ottoman Turkish: استوپ (istop)
- → Polish: stop
- → Portuguese: stop
- → Russian: стоп (stop)
- → Spanish: stop
- → Welsh: stopio
- → Tok Pisin: stap
Translations edit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Noun edit
stop (plural stops)
- A (usually marked) place where buses, trams or trains halt to let passengers get on and off, usually smaller than a station.
- An action of stopping; interruption of travel.
- That stop was not planned.
- 1722, Daniel Defoe, Journal of the Plague Year:
- It is […] doubtful […] whether it contributed anything to the stop of the infection.
- 1704, I[saac] N[ewton], “(please specify |book=1 to 3)”, in Opticks: Or, A Treatise of the Reflexions, Refractions, Inflexions and Colours of Light. […], London: […] Sam[uel] Smith, and Benj[amin] Walford, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC:
- Occult qualities put a stop to the improvement of natural philosophy.
- 1693, [John Locke], “§107”, in Some Thoughts Concerning Education, London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], →OCLC:
- It is a great step toward the mastery of our desires to give this stop to them.
- That which stops, impedes, or obstructs; an obstacle; an impediment.
- 1595, Samuel Daniel, “(please specify the folio number)”, in The First Fowre Bookes of the Ciuile Wars between the Two Houses of Lancaster and Yorke, London: […] P[eter] Short for Simon Waterson, →OCLC:
- A fatal stop trauerst their headlong course
- a. 1729, John Rogers, The Advantages of conversing with good Men:
- So melancholy a prospect should inspire us with zeal to oppose some stop to the rising torrent.
- A device intended to block the path of a moving object
- door stop
- (engineering) A device, or piece, as a pin, block, pawl, etc., for arresting or limiting motion, or for determining the position to which another part shall be brought.
- (architecture) A member, plain or moulded, formed of a separate piece and fixed to a jamb, against which a door or window shuts.
- (linguistics) A consonant sound in which the passage of air is temporarily blocked by the lips, tongue, or glottis.
- A symbol used for purposes of punctuation and representing a pause or separating clauses, particularly a full stop, comma, colon or semicolon.
- (music) A knob or pin used to regulate the flow of air in an organ.
- The organ is loudest when all the stops are pulled.
- (music) One of the vent-holes in a wind instrument, or the place on the wire of a stringed instrument, by the stopping or pressing of which certain notes are produced.
- (tennis) A very short shot which touches the ground close behind the net and is intended to bounce as little as possible.
- (soccer) A save; preventing the opposition from scoring a goal
- 2021 May 15, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 0-1 Leicester”, in BBC Sport[2]:
- The Foxes were indebted to two crucial saves from keeper Kasper Schmeichel, who turned former Leicester defender Ben Chilwell's header on to a post then produced an even better stop to turn Mason Mount's powerful shot wide.
- (zoology) The depression in a dog’s face between the skull and the nasal bones.
- The stop in a bulldog's face is very marked.
- A marking on a rabbit's hind foot.
- The American Rabbit Breeders Association holds that the stops of a Dutch rabbit should be white from the toes to one third of the way along the foot.
- (photography) A part of a photographic system that reduces the amount of light.
- (photography) A unit of exposure corresponding to a doubling of the brightness of an image.
- (photography) An f-stop.
- The diaphragm used in optical instruments to cut off the marginal portions of a beam of light passing through lenses.
- (fencing) A coup d'arret, or stop thrust.
- (UK, grammar, informal) Short for full stop.
Derived terms edit
- all-way stop
- a quick drop and a sudden stop
- a short drop and a sudden stop
- backstop
- back-stop
- band-stop
- boulevard stop
- buffer stop
- bus stop
- Californian stop
- California stop
- come to a stop
- comfort stop
- country stop
- doorstop
- double stop
- draft stop
- e-stop
- expression stop
- felony stop
- felony traffic stop
- field stop
- fire stop
- firestop
- fire-stop
- flag stop
- flute stop
- f-stop
- f stop
- full stop
- glottal stop
- gravel stop
- ground stop
- hard stop
- hockey stop
- Idaho stop
- knee stop
- limited-stop
- long-stop
- long stop
- mail stop
- mechanical stop
- non-stop, nonstop
- one-stop
- one-stop shop
- organ stop
- pit stop
- plough stop
- plow stop
- pretextual stop
- pull out all the stops
- put a stop to
- quadruple stop
- reed stop
- request stop
- rest stop
- rolling stop
- safety stop
- short stop
- skip-stop
- solder stop
- stop and search
- stop bead
- stop clock
- stop codon
- stop lamp
- stoplog
- stop loss
- stop motion
- stop-motion
- stop order
- stop-phrase
- stop plank
- stop squark
- stopstreet
- stop-tap
- stop valve
- string stop
- suction stop
- tab stop
- take out the stops
- technical stop
- Terry stop
- three stops short of Dagenham
- toe stop
- traffic stop
- tram stop
- triple stop
- truck stop
- T-stop
- turn stop
- wage stop
- water stop
- whistle-stop
Translations edit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
References edit
- ^ The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia, "stop".
Punctuation mark edit
stop
Translations edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle English stoppe, from Old English stoppa (“bucket, pail, a stop”), from Proto-Germanic *stuppô (“vat, vessel”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teub- (“to push, hit; stick, stump”). See stoup.
Noun edit
stop (plural stops)
Translations edit
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
stop (plural stops)
- (physics) The squark that is the superpartner of a top quark.
- 2016, ATLAS Collaboration, “Search for pair production of gluinos decaying via stop and sbottom in events with -jets and large missing transverse momentum in collisions at TeV with the ATLAS detector”, in arXiv[3]:
- For neutralino masses below approximately 700 GeV, gluino masses of less than 1.78 TeV and 1.76 TeV are excluded at the 95% CL in simplified models of the pair production of gluinos decaying via sbottom and stop, respectively.
Anagrams edit
Czech edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
stop m inan
- hitchhiking
- Synonym: autostop
- (sports) suspension
- Za hrubý faul dostal stop na čtyři zápasy. ― He received a four-match suspension for a serious foul.
Declension edit
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
stop
Verb edit
stop
Further reading edit
Danish edit
Verb edit
stop
- imperative of stoppe
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Dutch stoppe. See the verb stoppen.
Noun edit
stop m (plural stoppen, diminutive stopje n)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
stop
- inflection of stoppen:
Anagrams edit
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
stop
Synonyms edit
- (halt): seis
Further reading edit
- “stop”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][4] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
French edit
Etymology edit
1792. Borrowed from English stop.
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
stop!
- stop!
Noun edit
stop m (uncountable)
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Moroccan Arabic: سطوب
Further reading edit
- “stop”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams edit
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
stop
Punctuation mark edit
stop
Noun edit
stop (plural stopok)
- (colloquial) stop sign (a red sign on the side of a street instructing vehicles to stop)
- Nem állt meg a stopnál. ― He ran the stop sign.
- (colloquial) hitchhike (an act of hitchhiking, trying to get a ride in a passing vehicle while standing at the side of a road)
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | stop | stopok |
accusative | stopot | stopokat |
dative | stopnak | stopoknak |
instrumental | stoppal | stopokkal |
causal-final | stopért | stopokért |
translative | stoppá | stopokká |
terminative | stopig | stopokig |
essive-formal | stopként | stopokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | stopban | stopokban |
superessive | stopon | stopokon |
adessive | stopnál | stopoknál |
illative | stopba | stopokba |
sublative | stopra | stopokra |
allative | stophoz | stopokhoz |
elative | stopból | stopokból |
delative | stopról | stopokról |
ablative | stoptól | stopoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
stopé | stopoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
stopéi | stopokéi |
Possessive forms of stop | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | stopom | stopjaim |
2nd person sing. | stopod | stopjaid |
3rd person sing. | stopja | stopjai |
1st person plural | stopunk | stopjaink |
2nd person plural | stopotok | stopjaitok |
3rd person plural | stopjuk | stopjaik |
Derived terms edit
Indonesian edit
Alternative forms edit
- setop (colloquial)
Etymology edit
From Dutch stop, Middle Dutch stoppe, from Middle Dutch stoppen, from Old Dutch *stoppon, from Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn. Doublet of setop.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
stop (first-person possessive stopku, second-person possessive stopmu, third-person possessive stopnya)
Affixed terms edit
Further reading edit
- “stop” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Irish edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from English stop, from Middle English stoppen, from Old English stoppian (“to stop, close”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
stop (present analytic stopann, future analytic stopfaidh, verbal noun stopadh, past participle stoptha)
- to stop
Conjugation edit
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
Synonyms edit
Noun edit
stop m (genitive singular stop, nominative plural stopanna)
- a stop (place to get on and off line buses or trams; interruption of travel; device to block path)
Declension edit
Bare forms
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Forms with the definite article
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Synonyms edit
Further reading edit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “stopaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “stop”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Italian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
stop
Noun edit
stop m
- stop (roadsign; bus stop etc.; block)
Anagrams edit
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
Interjection edit
stop!
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
stop m inan
Declension edit
Verb edit
stop
Etymology 2 edit
Interjection edit
stop
- cool your heels!, cool your jets!, hold your horses!, stop!, whoa! (slow down)
- stop!, whoa! (you should not have done/said that)
Noun edit
stop m inan
- a stop sign
- Jechał dalej, bo nie zauważył stopu.
- He continued to drive because he hadn't noticed the stop sign.
- (colloquial) a vehicle's brake light
- Uderzyłam w niego, bo nie zaświecił mu się stop i nie wiedziałam, że ostro hamuje.
- I hit his car because his brake light didn't flash and I didn't know he was braking hard.
- (colloquial) hitchhiking
- Często podróżuję na stopa.
- I often hitchhike.
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
Unadapted borrowing from English stop.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
stop m (plural stops)
- stop (function or button that causes a device to stop operating)
- (uncountable) a game in which the players write on paper one word from each category (animal, fruit, etc.), all beginning with the same letter, as quickly as possible. In Spanish: tutti frutti
- Synonym: adedanha
- (stock market) stop loss order (order to close one’s position if the market drops to a specified price level)
- (Brazil, colloquial) stop; end (the act of putting a stop to something)
- Precisamos dar um stop na nossa preguiça.
- We need to put an end to our laziness.
- (Portugal) stop sign
- Ia sendo atropelado, porque o condutor não parou no stop. ― I was almost run over because the driver did not stop at the stop sign.
Interjection edit
stop!
- said by a player of the game of stop to cease the current turn, after which the players count how many words they wrote
See also edit
- CEP (acronym of "cidade, estado, país", meaning "city, state, country", a category in the game of stop)
Further reading edit
- Stop! on the Portuguese Wikipedia.Wikipedia pt
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French stop, from English stop.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
stop n (uncountable)
Declension edit
Spanish edit
Etymology edit
Unadapted borrowing from English stop.
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
stop
Usage notes edit
According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.
Further reading edit
- “stop”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse staup (“small glass for liquor”).
Noun edit
stop n
Declension edit
Declension of stop | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | stop | stopet | stop | stopen |
Genitive | stops | stopets | stops | stopens |