čūska

See also: cūška, cūškā, čūskā, and чушка

Latvian

Čūska

Alternative forms

• (dialectal terms) ķūska, cūška

Etymology

This word is traditionally related to čukstēt (“to whisper; to hiss, to sizzle”) and considered imitative of a snake's hissing noise. It seems more likely, though, that the sound symbolism has influenced (cf. dialectal variants ķūska, cūška), but not created, the word, which could then be derived from earlier *čuk-skā-, from *ķuk-, *tʲuk with a suffix -skā, from Proto-Baltic *tyuk-, from Proto-Indo-European *tewk-, *tūk-, from a stem *tew-, *stew- (“to strike, to crush; to pierce”) (whence also Middle Low German stoken (“to stab, to prickle”), German stochern (“to pick, to poke”), Sanskrit दति (tudáti, “to push, to strike, to jab, to pierce”)). The original meaning of čūska was “one who stabs, pokes, pierces” (cf. dialectal verb čūkāt, čūskāt (“to pick, to poke”), čuslis (“long, pointed skewer; oven poker”)), and it was at first a nickname which replaced the earlier term odze, now restricted to a specific type of snake (“viper”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tʃūska]

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Noun

čūska f (4th declension)

1. snake (many species of legless reptiles of the suborder Serpentes)

   indīga čūska ― poisonous snake

   gludenā čūska ― smooth snake (Coronella austriaca)

   čūskas kodums, kodiens ― snake bite

   čūska dzeļ, šņāc, ložņā ― the snake bites, hisses, crawls

   lokās kā čūska ― s/he twists, writhes like a snake

2. a malicious, evil person

Declension

Declension of čūska (4th declension)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	čūska	čūskas
accusative (akuzatīvs)	čūsku	čūskas
genitive (ģenitīvs)	čūskas	čūsku
dative (datīvs)	čūskai	čūskām
instrumental (instrumentālis)	čūsku	čūskām
locative (lokatīvs)	čūskā	čūskās
vocative (vokatīvs)	čūska	čūskas