γυμνάζω
Ancient Greek edit
Etymology edit
From γυμνός (gumnós) + -άζω (-ázō).
Pronunciation edit
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɡym.náz.dɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ɡymˈna.zo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ʝymˈna.zo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ʝymˈna.zo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ʝimˈna.zo/
Verb edit
γυμνάζω • (gumnázō)
- (middle voice) to train naked
- (generally) to train
Conjugation edit
Present: γυμνᾰ́ζω, γυμνᾰ́ζομαι
Imperfect: ἐγύμνᾰζον, ἐγυμνᾰζόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐγύμνᾰζον | ἐγύμνᾰζες | ἐγύμνᾰζε(ν) | ἐγυμνᾰ́ζετον | ἐγυμνᾰζέτην | ἐγυμνᾰ́ζομεν | ἐγυμνᾰ́ζετε | ἐγύμνᾰζον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐγυμνᾰζόμην | ἐγυμνᾰ́ζου | ἐγυμνᾰ́ζετο | ἐγυμνᾰ́ζεσθον | ἐγυμνᾰζέσθην | ἐγυμνᾰζόμεθᾰ | ἐγυμνᾰ́ζεσθε | ἐγυμνᾰ́ζοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Perfect: γεγύμνᾰκᾰ, γεγύμνᾰσμαι
Pluperfect: ἐγυμνᾰ́κειν, ἐγυμνᾰ́σμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐγυμνᾰ́κειν, ἐγυμνᾰ́κη |
ἐγυμνᾰ́κεις, ἐγυμνᾰ́κης |
ἐγυμνᾰ́κει(ν) | ἐγυμνᾰ́κετον | ἐγυμνᾰκέτην | ἐγυμνᾰ́κεμεν | ἐγυμνᾰ́κετε | ἐγυμνᾰ́κεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐγυμνᾰ́σμην | ἐγύμνᾰσο | ἐγύμνᾰστο | ἐγύμνᾰσθον | ἐγυμνᾰ́σθην | ἐγυμνᾰ́σμεθᾰ | ἐγύμνᾰσθε | ἐγυμνᾰ́δᾰτο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
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Further reading edit
- γυμνάζω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- γυμνάζω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “γυμνάζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- G1128 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- develop idem, page 220.
- distress idem, page 242.
- drill idem, page 252.
- educate idem, page 262.
- exercise idem, page 291.
- grieve idem, page 373.
- harass idem, page 385.
- harden idem, page 385.
- pain idem, page 588.
- persecute idem, page 607.
- play idem, page 618.
- practise idem, page 631.
- task idem, page 856.
- tax idem, page 857.
- tire idem, page 877.
- torment idem, page 881.
- train idem, page 886.
- try idem, page 899.
- vex idem, page 949.
- waste idem, page 965.
- wear arms idem, page 970.
- weary idem, page 970.
- wring idem, page 993.
- γυμνάζω - ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ (since 2011) Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch) University of Chicago.
Greek edit
Etymology edit
From Ancient Greek γυμνάζω (gumnázō). By surface analysis, γυμνός (gymnós) + -άζω (-ázo).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
γυμνάζω • (gymnázo) (past γύμνασα, passive γυμνάζομαι)
- to exercise, drill, train, school
- Γυμνάζω πολλές πλούσιες παντρεμένες.
- Gymnázo pollés ploúsies pantreménes.
- I train a lot of rich married women.
- Θα έπρεπε να γυμνάζομαι.
- Tha éprepe na gymnázomai.
- I should be working out.
Conjugation edit
γυμνάζω γυμνάζομαι
Active voice ➤ | Passive voice ➤ | |||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | Present | Dependent |
1 sg | γυμνάζω | γυμνάσω | γυμνάζομαι | γυμναστώ |
2 sg | γυμνάζεις | γυμνάσεις | γυμνάζεσαι | γυμναστείς |
3 sg | γυμνάζει | γυμνάσει | γυμνάζεται | γυμναστεί |
1 pl | γυμνάζουμε, [‑ομε] | γυμνάσουμε, [‑ομε] | γυμναζόμαστε | γυμναστούμε |
2 pl | γυμνάζετε | γυμνάσετε | γυμνάζεστε, γυμναζόσαστε | γυμναστείτε |
3 pl | γυμνάζουν(ε) | γυμνάσουν(ε) | γυμνάζονται | γυμναστούν(ε) |
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | Imperfect | Simple past |
1 sg | γύμναζα | γύμνασα | γυμναζόμουν(α) | γυμνάστηκα |
2 sg | γύμναζες | γύμνασες | γυμναζόσουν(α) | γυμνάστηκες |
3 sg | γύμναζε | γύμνασε | γυμναζόταν(ε) | γυμνάστηκε |
1 pl | γυμνάζαμε | γυμνάσαμε | γυμναζόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) | γυμναστήκαμε |
2 pl | γυμνάζατε | γυμνάσατε | γυμναζόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) | γυμναστήκατε |
3 pl | γύμναζαν, γυμνάζαν(ε) | γύμνασαν, γυμνάσαν(ε) | γυμνάζονταν, (γυμναζόντουσαν) | γυμνάστηκαν, γυμναστήκαν(ε) |
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | Continuous | Simple |
1 sg | θα γυμνάζω ➤ | θα γυμνάσω ➤ | θα γυμνάζομαι ➤ | θα γυμναστώ ➤ |
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα γυμνάζεις, … | θα γυμνάσεις, … | θα γυμνάζεσαι, … | θα γυμναστείς, … |
Perfect aspect ➤ | Perfect aspect | |||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … γυμνάσει έχω, έχεις, … γυμνασμένο, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ |
έχω, έχεις, … γυμναστεί είμαι, είσαι, … γυμνασμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … γυμνάσει είχα, είχες, … γυμνασμένο, ‑η, ‑ο |
είχα, είχες, … γυμναστεί ήμουν, ήσουν, … γυμνασμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … γυμνάσει θα έχω, θα έχεις, … γυμνασμένο, ‑η, ‑ο |
θα έχω, θα έχεις, … γυμναστεί θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … γυμνασμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
2 sg | γύμναζε | γύμνασε | — | γυμνάσου |
2 pl | γυμνάζετε | γυμνάστε | γυμνάζεστε | γυμναστείτε |
Other forms | Active voice | Passive voice | ||
Present participle➤ | γυμνάζοντας ➤ | — | ||
Perfect participle➤ | έχοντας γυμνάσει ➤ | γυμνασμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Nonfinite form➤ | γυμνάσει | γυμναστεί | ||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
• (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Related terms edit
- γυμνάσιο n (gymnásio, “middle school”)
- γυμναστήριο n (gymnastírio, “gymnasium”)
- γυμναστής m (gymnastís, “athletic trainer”)
- γυμνάστρια f (gymnástria, “athletic trainer”)
- γυμναστική f (gymnastikí, “exercise, work out, working out, training”)
- γυμνισμός (gymnismós, “naturism”)
- γυμνός (gymnós, “naked”)
- γυμνότητα (gymnótita, “nakedness”)
- and see: γυμνώνω (gymnóno, “I undress, I lay bare”)
Further reading edit
- γυμνάζω - Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.