σθένος
Ancient Greek edit
Etymology edit
Unknown.[1] The cluster /stʰ/ is unusual for Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European. However several hypotheses for an Indo-European derivation exist:
- Cognate with Old English stīþ (“hard, cruel, violent”) (English stith (“stiff, hard”))[2]
- Cognate with Proto-Germanic *segaz (“victory”).[2]
- From the zero-grade *sgʷʰ- of a root *segʷʰ- (“to be strong”), whence also Sanskrit सघ्नोति (saghnóti, “to be a match for, be equal to (a task)”), क्षम् (kṣam, “to endure, resist; forgive”) and Avestan 𐬀𐬰𐬔𐬀𐬙𐬀 (a-zg-ata, “irresistible (?)”), plus an uncertain suffix *-énos.[1]
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation edit
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /stʰé.nos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈstʰe.nos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈsθe.nos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈsθe.nos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈsθe.nos/
Noun edit
σθένος • (sthénos) n (genitive σθένεος or σθένους); third declension
Inflection edit
Derived terms edit
- Αλκισθένη (Alkisthénē)
- Ἀντισθένης (Antisthénēs)
- ἀσθενής (asthenḗs)
- Δεινοσθένης (Deinosthénēs)
- Δημοσθένης (Dēmosthénēs)
- ἐρισθενής (eristhenḗs)
- Ἐρᾰτοσθένης (Eratosthénēs)
- Εὐρυσθένης (Eurusthénēs)
- Καλλισθένης (Kallisthénēs)
- Κλεισθένης (Kleisthénēs)
- Λεωσθένης (Leōsthénēs)
- Μεγᾰσθένης (Megasthénēs)
- Σθένελος (Sthénelos)
- Σθενέλᾱος (Sthenélāos)
- Σθενώ (Sthenṓ)
- Τιμοσθένης (Timosthénēs)
- Ᾰ̓νδροσθένης (Androsthénēs)
Descendants edit
- → Greek: σθένος (sthénos)
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σθένος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1325–1326
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 George Melville Bolling, "The Etymology of ΣΘΕΝΟΣ", The American Journal of Philology 21 (1900), 315f.
Further reading edit
- “σθένος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- σθένος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- σθένος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
Greek edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Ancient Greek σθένος (sthénos).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
σθένος • (sthénos) n
- moral or emotional strength, might, power
- (chemistry) valence, valency
- (grammar, linguistics) valency (number of grammatical arguments a verb can take)
Declension edit
declension of σθένος
Further reading edit
- σθένος - Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.