क्षम्
Sanskrit edit
Alternative scripts edit
- ক্ষম্ (Assamese script)
- ᬓ᭄ᬱᬫ᭄ (Balinese script)
- ক্ষম্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰦𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀓𑁆𑀱𑀫𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- က္ၑမ် (Burmese script)
- ક્ષમ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਕ੍ਸ਼ਮ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌕𑍍𑌷𑌮𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦏ꧀ꦰꦩ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂍𑂹𑂭𑂧𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ಕ್ಷಮ್ (Kannada script)
- ក្ឞម៑ (Khmer script)
- ກ຺ຩມ຺ (Lao script)
- ക്ഷമ് (Malayalam script)
- ᡬᢢᠠᠮ (Manchu script)
- 𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘦𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᢉᢔᠠᠮ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦮𑧠𑧌𑧆𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐩𑑂 (Newa script)
- କ୍ଷମ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢒ꣄ꢰꢪ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑇀𑆰𑆩𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖿𑖬𑖦𑖿 (Siddham script)
- ක්ෂම් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩜 𑪙𑪀𑩴 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚊𑚶𑚢𑚶 (Takri script)
- க்ஷம் (Tamil script)
- క్షమ్ (Telugu script)
- กฺษมฺ (Thai script)
- ཀྵ་མ྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑓂𑒭𑒧𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨋𑩇𑨯𑨢𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ḍẓʰáHs, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰžʰáHs, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰḿ̥h₂s (“earth”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬨 (zam), Latin humus, the source of English human; Ancient Greek χθών (khthṓn), Persian زمین (zamin), Russian земля (zemlja).[1]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
क्षम् • (kṣám) stem, f
- ground, earth
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:भू
Declension edit
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | क्षाः (kṣā́ḥ) | क्षामा (kṣā́mā) | क्षामः (kṣāmaḥ)/क्षाः (kṣā́ḥ) |
| Accusative | क्षाम् (kṣā́m) | - | क्षाः (kṣā́ḥ) |
| Instrumental | क्षमा (kṣamā́)/ज्मा (jmā́) | - | - |
| Dative | क्षे (kṣe) | - | - |
| Ablative | ग्मः (gmáḥ)/ज्मः (jmáḥ)/क्ष्मः (kṣmáḥ) | - | - |
| Genitive | ग्मः (gmáḥ)/ज्मः (jmáḥ)/क्ष्मः (kṣmáḥ) | - | - |
| Locative | क्षमि (kṣámi) | - | क्षासु (kṣā́su) |
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšamH- (“to bear, to endure”),[2] probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰse-mH, metathesized form of *segʷʰ- (“to be strong”) (which is likely not related to *seǵʰ- (“to hold, overpower”), despite similarities in form and meaning), whence also सघ्नोति (saghnóti) and possibly Ancient Greek σθένος (sthénos).[3] Cognate with Avestan 𐬑𐬴𐬄𐬥𐬨𐬇𐬥𐬉 (xṣ̌ąnmə̄nē, “to be contented, to resign oneself to”). Also related to Pashto زغمل (zğëmël, “to endure, to tolerate, to go through”), which is from a Proto-Indo-Iranian *zgʰamH- which did not undergo metathesis.
Root edit
क्षम् • (kṣam)
Derived terms edit
- अक्षंस्थास् (akṣaṃsthās)
- अक्षम (akṣama)
- क्षंस्यति (kṣaṃsyati)
- क्षंस्यते (kṣaṃsyate)
- क्षन्तुम् (kṣantum)
- क्षमता (kṣamatā)
- क्षमति (kṣamati)
- क्षमते (kṣamate)
- क्षमयति (kṣamayati)
- क्षमयाम् (kṣamayām)
- क्षमा (kṣamā)
- क्षमापय (kṣamāpaya)
- क्षमिष्यति (kṣamiṣyati)
- क्षम्यताम् (kṣamyatām)
- क्षम्यते (kṣamyate)
- क्षामयते (kṣāmayate)
- क्षाम्यति (kṣāmyati)
- चक्षण्वहे (cakṣaṇvahe)
- चक्षमे (cakṣame)
References edit
- Monier Williams (1899) “क्षम्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 326/2.
- William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 28
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 424-5
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 453
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 425-6