сум
Belarusian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Ukrainian сум (sum, literally “sadness”). сума, сумно (sadly), Russian сумно (sumno, literally “doubtful”), Polish sum,sumny < East Slavic, compare Slovene sȗm, sȗmnja (suspicion), Serbo-Croatian сумња (literally “doubt”)
Noun edit
сум • (sum) m inan (genitive су́му, uncountable)
- boredom, sadness, sorrow
- 1924, Вячаслаў Вячаслававіч Адамовіч, Магіла Касінскага, часопіс «Грамадзкі голас».
- 1924, Вячаслаў Вячаслававіч Адамовіч, Магіла Касінскага, часопіс «Грамадзкі голас».
Declension edit
Synonyms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
сум • (sum)
References edit
- “сум” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org
- Tsykhun, G. A., editor (2010), “сум”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 13 (су- – трапка́ч), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 38
Macedonian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *esmь.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
сум • (sum) third-singular present, impf or pf
- (intransitive) to be
- (intransitive) to be wrong with
Usage notes edit
- The dependent form is specific to this verb only and is basically a second present form that is used in compound forms, such as the future, the да-construction, etc. It is analogous to the dependent present form of perfective verbs and its presence in the conjugation of "сум" is due to suppletion.
Conjugation edit
l-participles | imperfect | aorist | non-finite forms | |
---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | бидел | бил | adjectival partc. | — |
feminine | бидела | била | adverbial partc. | бидејќи |
neuter | бидело | било | verbal noun | — |
plural | биделе | биле | ||
present | imperfect | dependent | imperative | |
1st singular | сум | бев | бидам | — |
2nd singular | си | беше | бидеш | биди |
3rd singular | е | беше | биде | — |
1st plural | сме | бевме | бидеме | — |
2nd plural | сте | бевте | бидете | бидете |
3rd plural | се | беа | бидат | — |
Compound tenses | ||||
perfect | сум бил | present of сум + imperfect l-participle | ||
pluperfect | — | imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle | ||
future | ќе бидам | ќе + dependent | ||
future in the past | ќе бев | ќе + imperfect | ||
future reported | ќе сум бидел | ќе + imperfect l-participle | ||
conditional | би бил | би + imperfect l-participle |
Mongolian edit
Mongolian |
---|
ᠰᠤᠮᠤ (sumu) |
Cyrillic |
сум (sum) |
Etymology edit
From Proto-Mongolic *sumun (“arrow”), compare Kalmyk сумн (sumn), Dongxiang sumu.
The sense 'district' arose during the Qing dynasty as a translation of Manchu ᠨᡳᡵᡠ (niru, “a large arrow, militia company, district”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
- (Ulaanbaatar) IPA(key): /sʊm/, [so̙m]
Noun edit
сум • (sum); (hidden-n declension)
- arrow, projectile, bullet
- sum (sometimes somon, sumon or sumu) (the second-level civil administrative unit in the Mongolian governance system)
Derived terms edit
- нум сум (num sum)
- нэг сумаар хоёр туулай буудах (neg sumaar xojor tuulaj buudax)
Descendants edit
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Christopher P. Atwood (2004) Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol empire, New York: Facts on File, Inc, page 523
Russian edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
сум • (sum) f inan pl
Ukrainian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Related to су́мнів (súmniv, “doubt”). Compare Slovene súm (“suspicion”).
Noun edit
сум • (sum) m inan (genitive су́му, uncountable)
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
сум • (sum) m inan (genitive су́ма, nominative plural су́ми, genitive plural су́мів)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “сум”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 473
- Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1907–1909), “сум”, in Словарь украинского языка [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), Kyiv: Kievskaya starina
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “сум”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- “сум”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)