توان
See also: ثوان
Malay edit
Noun edit
توان (plural توان-توان or توان۲, informal 1st possessive توانکو, 2nd possessive توانمو, 3rd possessive توانڽ)
Persian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (twbʾn' /tuwān/, “might; power”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell, grow, become strong”). Compare Sanskrit तवस् (tavas, “force, power”), Avestan 𐬙𐬎𐬙𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (tutauua, “to be able”), Proto-Slavic *tỳti (“to become fat”), Ancient Greek σῶς (sôs, “safe and sound”). Note that the verb is from the noun, not the other way around.
Pronunciation 1 edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [tu.ˈwɑːn], [ta.ˈwɑːn]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰæ.vɒ́ːn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰä.vɔ́n]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | tuwān, tawān |
Dari reading? | tawān |
Iranian reading? | tavân |
Tajik reading? | tavon |
Audio (Iran) (file)
Noun edit
توان • (tavân)
Derived terms edit
Pronunciation 2 edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [tu.ˈwɑːn], [ta.ˈwɑːn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰä.vɔ́n]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | tuwān, tawān |
Dari reading? | tawān |
Iranian reading? | tavân |
Tajik reading? | tavon |
Audio (Iran) (file)
Verb edit
توان • (tavân)
References edit
- Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 386-7
- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “توان”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
- Vullers, Johann August (1855) “توان”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum[1] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 475a
- Wolff, Fritz (1935) Glossar zu Firdosis Schahname[2] (in German), Berlin: Reichsdruckerei, page 250b