خواردن
Persian
editEtymology
editInherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (xwārīdan, “to drink”). This verb became somewhat semantically conflated with Persian خوردن (xordan, “to eat”). From Proto-Iranian *hwar- (“to eat, consume”). Cognates include Northern Kurdish xwarin (“to eat”) and vexwarin (“to drink”), Pashto خوړل (khwaṛël, “to eat”), Ossetian хӕрд (xærd, “food”) and Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (xᵛaraiti, “to consume, eat”). Compare also Old Armenian խորտիկ (xortik, “food”) and խորակ (xorak, “kind of pastry”), Iranian borrowings.
Original meaning of the root was "to take". During the Proto-Iranian period it replaced the native Indo-European root for "to eat" *h₁ed- (>Proto-Iranian *Had-; compare Latin edō, Ancient Greek ἔδω (édō), English eat), perhaps originally being used in a more informal way. The other root has been preserved in several nominal formations, such as Persian اسپست (aspast, “alfalfa”) and Ossetian ад (ad, “taste”).
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [xʷɑːɾ.ˈdan]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [xɒːɹ.d̪ǽn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [χɔɾ.d̪ǽn]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | xwārdan |
Dari reading? | xārdan |
Iranian reading? | xârdan |
Tajik reading? | xordan |
Verb
editخواردن • (xârdan) (present stem خوار (xâr)) (dialectal)
Derived terms
edit- خونخوار (xun-xâr, “bloodthirsty”, literally “blood-drinker”)
- شیرخوار (šir-xâr, “newborn; child who still drinks the milk of its mother”, literally “milk-drinker”)
References
edit- Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “خواردن”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “خواردن”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
- Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 147
Southern Kurdish
editVerb
editخواردن (xwardin)
- (transitive, intransitive) to eat
- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian verbs
- Persian dialectal terms
- Southern Kurdish lemmas
- Southern Kurdish verbs
- Southern Kurdish transitive verbs
- Southern Kurdish intransitive verbs