شهيد

See also: شهید and شہید

Arabic edit

Etymology edit

From the form I verb شَهِدَ (šahida, “to witness, to bear witness”), from the root ش ه د (š-h-d). Semantic evolution from "witness" to "martyr" is probably calqued from Ancient Greek μάρτυς (mártus).

Cognate with Hebrew שָׂהֵד (sahéd).

Pronunciation edit

Rhymes: -iːd

Noun edit

شَهِيد • (šahīd) m (plural شُهَدَاء (šuhadāʔ), feminine شَهِيدَة (šahīda))

(archaic) witness
Synonym: شَاهِد (šāhid)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 24:13:
  لَّوۡلَا جَاۤءُو عَلَیۡهِ بِأَرۡبَعَةِ شُهَدَاۤءَ ۚ فَإِذۡ لَمۡ یَأۡتُوا۟ بِٱلشُّهَدَاۤءِ فَأُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ هُمُ ٱلۡكَـٰذِبُونَ
  lawlā jāʔū ʕalay-hi bi-ʔarbaʕati šuhadāʔa fa-ʔiḏ lam yaʔtū bi-š-šuhadāʔi fa-ʔūlāʔika ʕinda llāhi humu l-kāḏibūna
  Sahih International: And why did the accusers not bring four witnesses to it? If they cannot produce such witnesses, they are the liars in God’s eyes.
martyr

Declension edit

Declension of noun شَهِيد (šahīd)

Singular	Masculine			Feminine
	basic singular triptote			singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شَهِيد šahīd	الشَّهِيد aš-šahīd	شَهِيد šahīd	شَهِيدَة šahīda	الشَّهِيدَة aš-šahīda	شَهِيدَة šahīdat
Nominative	شَهِيدٌ šahīdun	الشَّهِيدُ aš-šahīdu	شَهِيدُ šahīdu	شَهِيدَةٌ šahīdatun	الشَّهِيدَةُ aš-šahīdatu	شَهِيدَةُ šahīdatu
Accusative	شَهِيدًا šahīdan	الشَّهِيدَ aš-šahīda	شَهِيدَ šahīda	شَهِيدَةً šahīdatan	الشَّهِيدَةَ aš-šahīdata	شَهِيدَةَ šahīdata
Genitive	شَهِيدٍ šahīdin	الشَّهِيدِ aš-šahīdi	شَهِيدِ šahīdi	شَهِيدَةٍ šahīdatin	الشَّهِيدَةِ aš-šahīdati	شَهِيدَةِ šahīdati
Dual	Masculine			Feminine
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شَهِيدَيْن šahīdayn	الشَّهِيدَيْن aš-šahīdayn	شَهِيدَيْ šahīday	شَهِيدَتَيْن šahīdatayn	الشَّهِيدَتَيْن aš-šahīdatayn	شَهِيدَتَيْ šahīdatay
Nominative	شَهِيدَانِ šahīdāni	الشَّهِيدَانِ aš-šahīdāni	شَهِيدَا šahīdā	شَهِيدَتَانِ šahīdatāni	الشَّهِيدَتَانِ aš-šahīdatāni	شَهِيدَتَا šahīdatā
Accusative	شَهِيدَيْنِ šahīdayni	الشَّهِيدَيْنِ aš-šahīdayni	شَهِيدَيْ šahīday	شَهِيدَتَيْنِ šahīdatayni	الشَّهِيدَتَيْنِ aš-šahīdatayni	شَهِيدَتَيْ šahīdatay
Genitive	شَهِيدَيْنِ šahīdayni	الشَّهِيدَيْنِ aš-šahīdayni	شَهِيدَيْ šahīday	شَهِيدَتَيْنِ šahīdatayni	الشَّهِيدَتَيْنِ aš-šahīdatayni	شَهِيدَتَيْ šahīdatay
Plural	Masculine			Feminine
	basic broken plural diptote			sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شُهَدَاء šuhadāʔ	الشُّهَدَاء aš-šuhadāʔ	شُهَدَاء šuhadāʔ	شَهِيدَات šahīdāt	الشَّهِيدَات aš-šahīdāt	شَهِيدَات šahīdāt
Nominative	شُهَدَاءُ šuhadāʔu	الشُّهَدَاءُ aš-šuhadāʔu	شُهَدَاءُ šuhadāʔu	شَهِيدَاتٌ šahīdātun	الشَّهِيدَاتُ aš-šahīdātu	شَهِيدَاتُ šahīdātu
Accusative	شُهَدَاءَ šuhadāʔa	الشُّهَدَاءَ aš-šuhadāʔa	شُهَدَاءَ šuhadāʔa	شَهِيدَاتٍ šahīdātin	الشَّهِيدَاتِ aš-šahīdāti	شَهِيدَاتِ šahīdāti
Genitive	شُهَدَاءَ šuhadāʔa	الشُّهَدَاءِ aš-šuhadāʔi	شُهَدَاءِ šuhadāʔi	شَهِيدَاتٍ šahīdātin	الشَّهِيدَاتِ aš-šahīdāti	شَهِيدَاتِ šahīdāti

Descendants edit

→ Armenian: շահիդ (šahid)
→ Azerbaijani: şəhid
→ English: shaheed
→ Indonesian: syahid
→ Kazakh: шаһид (şahid), шейіт (şeiıt)
→ Northern Kurdish: şehîd
→ Persian: شهید
- → Urdu: شہید
→ Russian: шахид (šaxid)
→ Swahili: shahidi
→ Somali: shahiid
→ Ottoman Turkish: شهید
- → Turkish: şehit
→ Uzbek: shahid

Persian edit

Pronunciation edit

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʃa.ˈhiːð]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃä.ɦíːd̪]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʃä.jíːd̪]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʃä.jíd̪̥]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃæ.ɦíːd̪̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃä.ɦíd̪]

Readings
Classical reading^?	šahīḏ
Dari reading^?	šahīd
Iranian reading^?	šahid
Tajik reading^?	šahid

Noun edit

شهید • (šahid)

witness, martyr
شاهد