غیر

See also: غير and غ ي ر

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic غَيْر (ḡayr).

Noun

غیر • (gayr) (plural اغیار)

1. another, not the same person or things

Descendants

• Turkish: gayr

Further reading

• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “غیر ghayr. s.”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[1], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, pages 1356a–b

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Persian غیرـ (ğeyr-e-), from Arabic غَيْر (ḡayr) + Persian ezafe.

Prefix

غیر • (gayr-i)

2. (an adverbial prefix forming negative adjectives) not, un-, non-, in-

   Synonym: ناـ (nâ-)

Derived terms

• غیر محدود (gayr-i mahdud)
• غیر ممكن (gayr-i mümkin)
• غیر منقول (gayr-i menkul)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: gayri-

Further reading

• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “غیر ghayr (An adverbial prefix forming negative adjectives.)”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[2], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1356b

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic غَيْر (ḡayr).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɣajɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɣäjɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɣäjɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɣäjɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɣäjɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [qejɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʁäjɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	ğayr
Dari reading?	ğayr
Iranian reading?	ğeyr
Tajik reading?	ġayr

Noun

Dari	غیر
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ғайр

غیر • (ğeyr) (plural اغیار (ağyâr))

1. another

Descendants

• → Hindustani:
  • Hindi: ग़ैर (ġair)
  • Urdu: غَیر (ġair)
• → Punjabi:
  • Gurmukhi script: ਗੈਰ (gair)
  • Shahmukhi script: غَیر (ġair)

Etymology 2

From غیر (ğeyr) + ezafe.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɣaj.ɾi]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɣäj.ɾɪ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɣäj.ɾɪ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɣäj.ɾɪ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɣäj.ɾi]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [qejɹe]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʁäj.ɾi]

Readings
Classical reading?	ğayr-i
Dari reading?	ğayr-i
Iranian reading?	ğeyr-e
Tajik reading?	ġayr-i

Preposition

Dari	غیر
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ғайри

غیر • (ğeyr-e)

1. other than, different from, unlike

Prefix

Dari	غیرـ
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ғайри-

غیرـ • (ğeyr-e-)

2. un-, non-, in-

   Synonym: ناـ (nâ)

Derived terms

Persian terms prefixed with غیر

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: qeyri-
• → Chagatai: غیر
  • Uyghur: غەيرى (gheyri)
  • Uzbek: gʻayri-
• → Hindustani:
  • Hindi: ग़ैर- (ġair-)
  • Urdu: غَیرـ (ġair-)
• → Ottoman Turkish: غیر (gayr-i)
  • Turkish: gayri-

Urdu

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɣɛːɾ/
• Rhymes: -ɛːɾ

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian غیر (ğayr), from Arabic غَيْر (ḡayr).

Noun

غَیر • (ġair) m (Hindi spelling ग़ैर)

1. other
2. outsider, foreigner

Declension

Declension of غیر
	singular	plural
direct	غیر (ġair)	غیر (ġair)
oblique	غیر (ġair)	غیروں (ġairō̃)
vocative	غیر (ġair)	غیرو (ġairō)

Adjective

غَیر • (ġair) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling ग़ैर)

1. other
2. strange, foreign
3. unrelated

   غَیر آدمی ― ġair ādmī ― unrelated man

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian غیرـ (ğayr-i)

Prefix

غَیرـ • (ġair-) (Hindi spelling ग़ैर-)

2. not, un-, non-, in-

   Synonyms: اَـ (a-), ناـ (nā-)

Derived terms

• غَیر حاضِر (ġair-hāzir)
• غَیر مُلْکی (ġair-mulkī)
• غَیر مُمْکِن (ġair-mumkin)

 

References

• “غیر”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “غیر”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.