فلس
Arabic edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Aramaic פֵילַס (pilas) / פלס (polləs) / ܦܠܣ / פּוּלְסָא (puləsā) / ܦܘܽܠܣܴܐ (puləsā), from Ancient Greek φόλλις (phóllis), from Latin follis.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
فِلْس or فُلْس or فَلْس • (fils or fuls or fals) m (plural فُلُوس (fulūs) or أَفْلُس (ʔaflus))
- a small-denomination coin, penny
- (colloquial, in the plural) money
Declension edit
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | فِلْس; فُلْس; فَلْس fils; fuls; fals |
الْفِلْس; الْفُلْس; الْفَلْس al-fils; al-fuls; al-fals |
فِلْس; فُلْس; فَلْس fils; fuls; fals |
Nominative | فِلْسٌ; فُلْسٌ; فَلْسٌ filsun; fulsun; falsun |
الْفِلْسُ; الْفُلْسُ; الْفَلْسُ al-filsu; al-fulsu; al-falsu |
فِلْسُ; فُلْسُ; فَلْسُ filsu; fulsu; falsu |
Accusative | فِلْسًا; فُلْسًا; فَلْسًا filsan; fulsan; falsan |
الْفِلْسَ; الْفُلْسَ; الْفَلْسَ al-filsa; al-fulsa; al-falsa |
فِلْسَ; فُلْسَ; فَلْسَ filsa; fulsa; falsa |
Genitive | فِلْسٍ; فُلْسٍ; فَلْسٍ filsin; fulsin; falsin |
الْفِلْسِ; الْفُلْسِ; الْفَلْسِ al-filsi; al-fulsi; al-falsi |
فِلْسِ; فُلْسِ; فَلْسِ filsi; fulsi; falsi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | فِلْسَيْن; فُلْسَيْن; فَلْسَيْن filsayn; fulsayn; falsayn |
الْفِلْسَيْن; الْفُلْسَيْن; الْفَلْسَيْن al-filsayn; al-fulsayn; al-falsayn |
فِلْسَيْ; فُلْسَيْ; فَلْسَيْ filsay; fulsay; falsay |
Nominative | فِلْسَانِ; فُلْسَانِ; فَلْسَانِ filsāni; fulsāni; falsāni |
الْفِلْسَانِ; الْفُلْسَانِ; الْفَلْسَانِ al-filsāni; al-fulsāni; al-falsāni |
فِلْسَا; فُلْسَا; فَلْسَا filsā; fulsā; falsā |
Accusative | فِلْسَيْنِ; فُلْسَيْنِ; فَلْسَيْنِ filsayni; fulsayni; falsayni |
الْفِلْسَيْنِ; الْفُلْسَيْنِ; الْفَلْسَيْنِ al-filsayni; al-fulsayni; al-falsayni |
فِلْسَيْ; فُلْسَيْ; فَلْسَيْ filsay; fulsay; falsay |
Genitive | فِلْسَيْنِ; فُلْسَيْنِ; فَلْسَيْنِ filsayni; fulsayni; falsayni |
الْفِلْسَيْنِ; الْفُلْسَيْنِ; الْفَلْسَيْنِ al-filsayni; al-fulsayni; al-falsayni |
فِلْسَيْ; فُلْسَيْ; فَلْسَيْ filsay; fulsay; falsay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | فُلُوس; أَفْلُس fulūs; ʔaflus |
الْفُلُوس; الْأَفْلُس al-fulūs; al-ʔaflus |
فُلُوس; أَفْلُس fulūs; ʔaflus |
Nominative | فُلُوسٌ; أَفْلُسٌ fulūsun; ʔaflusun |
الْفُلُوسُ; الْأَفْلُسُ al-fulūsu; al-ʔaflusu |
فُلُوسُ; أَفْلُسُ fulūsu; ʔaflusu |
Accusative | فُلُوسًا; أَفْلُسًا fulūsan; ʔaflusan |
الْفُلُوسَ; الْأَفْلُسَ al-fulūsa; al-ʔaflusa |
فُلُوسَ; أَفْلُسَ fulūsa; ʔaflusa |
Genitive | فُلُوسٍ; أَفْلُسٍ fulūsin; ʔaflusin |
الْفُلُوسِ; الْأَفْلُسِ al-fulūsi; al-ʔaflusi |
فُلُوسِ; أَفْلُسِ fulūsi; ʔaflusi |
Derived terms edit
- فَلَّسَ (fallasa, “to bankrupt”)
- أَفْلَسَ (ʔaflasa, “to become bankrupt”)
- إِفْلَاس (ʔiflās, “bankruptcy”)
- فَلَاسَة (falāsa, “bankruptcy”)
Descendants edit
- Egyptian Arabic: فلوس (flūs)
- Gulf Arabic: فلوس (flūs), فلس (fils)
- Hijazi Arabic: فلوس (fulūs, filūs)
- Maltese: flus
- Moroccan Arabic: فلوس (flūs), فلس (fals)
- → English: fils, fals
- → Dutch: floes
- → French: flouze
- → Indonesian: fulus
- → Swahili: fulusi
- → Swedish: flos
- → Ottoman Turkish: فلس (fels)
- → Turkish: fülus
Etymology 2 edit
Denominal verb of فِلْس (fils).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
فَلَّسَ • (fallasa) II, non-past يُفَلِّسُ (yufallisu)
- to bankrupt, to make broke, to ruin, to render out of pennies
- to cut the vines in straight line (because not every one who pruned the vines had the capacity to do so)
- Dozy s.v. from Auw. man. from Leiden, 121 r missing in the edition c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802IA, page 509:
- الخطيب ابن حَجّاجٍ وقد اعتاد الكسّاحون عندنا ان يكون قطع القضبان من الكروم قطعا معتدلا بدون تحريف فيه ويسمونه المُفَلَّسْ وهو اغرب فى صناعتهم لانهم عندهم ليس كل الناس يقدر عليه
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Dozy s.v. from Auw. man. from Leiden, 121 r missing in the edition
Conjugation edit
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
taflīs | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
mufallis | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mufallas | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | fallastu |
fallasta |
فَلَّسَ fallasa |
fallastumā |
fallasā |
fallasnā |
fallastum |
fallasū | |||
f | fallasti |
fallasat |
fallasatā |
fallastunna |
fallasna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔufallisu |
tufallisu |
yufallisu |
tufallisāni |
yufallisāni |
nufallisu |
tufallisūna |
yufallisūna | |||
f | tufallisīna |
tufallisu |
tufallisāni |
tufallisna |
yufallisna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔufallisa |
tufallisa |
yufallisa |
tufallisā |
yufallisā |
nufallisa |
tufallisū |
yufallisū | |||
f | tufallisī |
tufallisa |
tufallisā |
tufallisna |
yufallisna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔufallis |
tufallis |
yufallis |
tufallisā |
yufallisā |
nufallis |
tufallisū |
yufallisū | |||
f | tufallisī |
tufallis |
tufallisā |
tufallisna |
yufallisna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | فَلِّسْ fallis |
fallisā |
fallisū |
||||||||
f | fallisī |
fallisna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | fullistu |
fullista |
فُلِّسَ fullisa |
fullistumā |
fullisā |
fullisnā |
fullistum |
fullisū | |||
f | fullisti |
fullisat |
fullisatā |
fullistunna |
fullisna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔufallasu |
tufallasu |
yufallasu |
tufallasāni |
yufallasāni |
nufallasu |
tufallasūna |
yufallasūna | |||
f | tufallasīna |
tufallasu |
tufallasāni |
tufallasna |
yufallasna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔufallasa |
tufallasa |
yufallasa |
tufallasā |
yufallasā |
nufallasa |
tufallasū |
yufallasū | |||
f | tufallasī |
tufallasa |
tufallasā |
tufallasna |
yufallasna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔufallas |
tufallas |
yufallas |
tufallasā |
yufallasā |
nufallas |
tufallasū |
yufallasū | |||
f | tufallasī |
tufallas |
tufallasā |
tufallasna |
yufallasna |
Etymology 3 edit
Borrowed from Ancient Greek φολίς (pholís).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
فَلْس • (fals) m (plural فُلُوس (fulūs))
Declension edit
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | فَلْس fals |
الْفَلْس al-fals |
فَلْس fals |
Nominative | فَلْسٌ falsun |
الْفَلْسُ al-falsu |
فَلْسُ falsu |
Accusative | فَلْسًا falsan |
الْفَلْسَ al-falsa |
فَلْسَ falsa |
Genitive | فَلْسٍ falsin |
الْفَلْسِ al-falsi |
فَلْسِ falsi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | فَلْسَيْن falsayn |
الْفَلْسَيْن al-falsayn |
فَلْسَيْ falsay |
Nominative | فَلْسَانِ falsāni |
الْفَلْسَانِ al-falsāni |
فَلْسَا falsā |
Accusative | فَلْسَيْنِ falsayni |
الْفَلْسَيْنِ al-falsayni |
فَلْسَيْ falsay |
Genitive | فَلْسَيْنِ falsayni |
الْفَلْسَيْنِ al-falsayni |
فَلْسَيْ falsay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | فُلُوس fulūs |
الْفُلُوس al-fulūs |
فُلُوس fulūs |
Nominative | فُلُوسٌ fulūsun |
الْفُلُوسُ al-fulūsu |
فُلُوسُ fulūsu |
Accusative | فُلُوسًا fulūsan |
الْفُلُوسَ al-fulūsa |
فُلُوسَ fulūsa |
Genitive | فُلُوسٍ fulūsin |
الْفُلُوسِ al-fulūsi |
فُلُوسِ fulūsi |
Descendants edit
References edit
- “pls”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “فلس”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 278
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 192
- Freytag, Georg (1835) “فلس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[2] (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 369
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “فلس”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[3] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, pages 629–630
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “فلس”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[4], London: Williams & Norgate, page 2440
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “فلس”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[5] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 979–980
Hijazi Arabic edit
Root |
---|
ف ل س |
1 term |
Etymology 1 edit
From Arabic فَلَّسَ (fallasa).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
فَلَّس • (fallas) II (non-past يِفَلِّس (yifallis))
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of فلس (fallas) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | فلست (fallast) | فلست (fallast) | فلس (fallas) | فلسنا (fallasna) | فلستوا (fallastu) | فلسوا (fallasu) | |
f | فلستي (fallasti) | فلست (fallasat) | ||||||
non-past | m | أفلس (ʔafallis) | تفلس (tifallis) | يفلس (yifallis) | نفلس (nifallis) | تفلسوا (tifallisu) | يفلسوا (yifallisu) | |
f | تفلسي (tifallisi) | تفلس (tifallis) | ||||||
imperative | m | فلس (fallis) | فلسوا (fallisu) | |||||
f | فلسي (fallisi) |
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
فلس • (fils) m (plural فِلوس (filūs) or فُلوس (fulūs))
- a small-denomination coin, penny
- a subdivision of currency used in some Arab countries.
Usage notes edit
The plural is used mainly to mean "money".
Ottoman Turkish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Arabic فَلْس (fals, “a kind of coin”).
Noun edit
- mite, very small coin worth about the twentieth part of a penny sterling
Etymology 2 edit
From Arabic فَلْس (fals, “scale”).
Noun edit
- scale of a fish, a small, flat and hard piece of keratin
- any scale-like thing, as a spangle, etc.
- small boss on a compound astrolabe
Further reading edit
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “فلس”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[6], Constantinople: Mihran, page 909
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “فلس”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[7], Vienna, columns 3545–3546
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “فلس”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[8], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1395
Persian edit
Etymology edit
From Arabic فَلْس (fals), from Ancient Greek φολίς (pholís).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [fals]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [fæls]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [fäls]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | fals |
Dari reading? | fals |
Iranian reading? | fals |
Tajik reading? | fals |
Noun edit
Dari | فلس |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | фалс |
فلس • (fals) (plural فلسها (fals-hâ))
- flake, lamination, scale
- The Bible, Acts 9:18:
- در ساعت از چشمان او چیزی مثل فلس افتاده، بینایی یافت و برخاسته، تعمید گرفت
- At that instant something like a scale fell from his eyes, and he regained his sight. Then he rose and was baptized
- در ساعت از چشمان او چیزی مثل فلس افتاده، بینایی یافت و برخاسته، تعمید گرفت