مقام

Arabic

Etymology

Noun of place from the verb قَامَ (qāma, “to get up”), from the root ق و م (q-w-m). Cognate with Hebrew מָקוֹם (māqōm) and Phoenician 𐤌𐤒𐤌 (mqm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma.qaːm/
  • (Gulf) IPA^(key): /məˈqaːm/
• Rhymes: -aːm

Noun

مَقَام • (maqām) m (plural مَقَامَات (maqāmāt))

1. verbal noun of قَامَ (qāma) (form I)
2. place, spot

   Synonym: مَكان (makān)

3. situation
4. domicile
5. burial place

   Synonyms: مَرْقَد (marqad), ضَرِيح (ḍarīḥ), مَشْهَد (mašhad), حَرَم (ḥaram), مَزار (mazār)

6. staying, halting, sojourn, dwelling
   • 17th century, al-Majlisi, quoting بشير بن جذلم [Bašīr ibn Jaḏlam], chapter 45, in بحار الأنوار [Biḥār al-Anwār]‎^[1]:

     يَا أَهْلَ يَثْرِبَ لَا مَقَامَ لَكُمْ بِهَا ... قُتِلَ الْحُسَيْنُ فَأَدْمُعِي مِدْرَارُ

     yā ʔahla yaṯriba lā maqāma lakum bihā ... qutila l-ḥusaynu faʔadmuʕī midrāru

     O people of Yathrib (i.e. Medina) you have no staying in it ... Husayn is killed thus my tears are overflowing

7. standing, station

   Synonym: مَنْزِلَة (manzila)

8. office, rank, dignity
9. esteem, consideration
10. court (of a sovereign)
11. (music) tune, song
12. (music, countable) maqam (Arabic musical scale), tonality, mode, key

Declension

Declension of noun مَقَام (maqām)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مَقَام maqām	الْمَقَام al-maqām	مَقَام maqām
Nominative	مَقَامٌ maqāmun	الْمَقَامُ al-maqāmu	مَقَامُ maqāmu
Accusative	مَقَامًا maqāman	الْمَقَامَ al-maqāma	مَقَامَ maqāma
Genitive	مَقَامٍ maqāmin	الْمَقَامِ al-maqāmi	مَقَامِ maqāmi

Noun

مُقَام • (muqām) m (plural مُقَامَات (muqāmāt))

1. verbal noun of أَقَامَ (ʔaqāma) (form IV)
2. noun of place of أَقَامَ (ʔaqāma): residence

Declension

Declension of noun مُقَام (muqām)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مُقَام muqām	الْمُقَام al-muqām	مُقَام muqām
Nominative	مُقَامٌ muqāmun	الْمُقَامُ al-muqāmu	مُقَامُ muqāmu
Accusative	مُقَامًا muqāman	الْمُقَامَ al-muqāma	مُقَامَ muqāma
Genitive	مُقَامٍ muqāmin	الْمُقَامِ al-muqāmi	مُقَامِ muqāmi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مُقَامَيْن muqāmayn	الْمُقَامَيْن al-muqāmayn	مُقَامَيْ muqāmay
Nominative	مُقَامَانِ muqāmāni	الْمُقَامَانِ al-muqāmāni	مُقَامَا muqāmā
Accusative	مُقَامَيْنِ muqāmayni	الْمُقَامَيْنِ al-muqāmayni	مُقَامَيْ muqāmay
Genitive	مُقَامَيْنِ muqāmayni	الْمُقَامَيْنِ al-muqāmayni	مُقَامَيْ muqāmay
Plural	sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مُقَامَات muqāmāt	الْمُقَامَات al-muqāmāt	مُقَامَات muqāmāt
Nominative	مُقَامَاتٌ muqāmātun	الْمُقَامَاتُ al-muqāmātu	مُقَامَاتُ muqāmātu
Accusative	مُقَامَاتٍ muqāmātin	الْمُقَامَاتِ al-muqāmāti	مُقَامَاتِ muqāmāti
Genitive	مُقَامَاتٍ muqāmātin	الْمُقَامَاتِ al-muqāmāti	مُقَامَاتِ muqāmāti

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: məqam, muğam
• → Indonesian: makam
• → Kazakh: мақам (maqam)
• → Classical Persian: مقام (maqām, muqām) (see there for further descendants)

(via plural form مَقَامَات (maqāmāt), مُقَامَات (muqāmāt)):

• → Azerbaijani: məqamat
• → Classical Persian: مقامات (maqāmāt)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: मक़ामात (maqāmāt), मुक़ामात (muqāmāt)

    Urdu: مقامات

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “مقام”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[2], London: W.H. Allen
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “قام (قوم)”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ق و م
8 terms

Etymology

From Arabic مَقَام (maqām).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma.ɡaːm/

Noun

مقام • (magām) f (plural مَقامات (magāmāt))

1. standing, rank, status, stature
2. (music, countable) maqam (Arabic musical scale), tonality, mode, key

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَقَام (maqām)

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ma.qɑːm]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mä.qɑːm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mä.qɑːm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [mä.qɑːm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [mä.qɔːm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [mæ.ʁɒːm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [mä.qɔm]

Readings
Classical reading?	maqām
Dari reading?	maqām
Iranian reading?	mağâm
Tajik reading?	maqom

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

Dari	مَقام
Iranian Persian
Tajik	мақом

مقام • (maqâm or muqâm) (plural مقام‌ها (maqâm-hâ))

1. place, position, dignity, rank, office
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2599:

     در مقامی زهر و در جایی دوا / در مقامی کفر و در جایی روا

     dar maqâm-i zahr u dar jâ-yi dawâ / dar maqâm-i kufr u dar ja-yi rawâ

     In one place poison and in one place medicine, in one place infidelity and in one place (it is) approved.

2. residence, dwelling
3. (music) mode, tone

Descendants

• → Assamese: মোকাম (mükam)
• → Middle Bengali: মোকাম (mōkam)
  • Bengali: মোকাম (mōkam)
• → Gujarati: મુકામ (mukām)
• → Old Hindi: मुकांम (mukā̃ma)
  • Hindustani:

    Hindi: मुक़ाम (muqām), मक़ाम (maqām)

    Urdu: مقَام

• → Maithili: mokām

  Devanagari script: मोकाम

  Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒽𑒏𑒰𑒧

• → Marathi: मुक्काम (mukkām)
• → Marwari:

  Devanagari script: मुकांन (mukā̃n), मुकांम (mukā̃m)

  Mahajani script: 𑅬𑅒𑅕𑅧𑅧 (muknn), 𑅬𑅒𑅕𑅧𑅬 (muknm)

• → Odia: ମୁକାମ (mukāma)
• → Ottoman Turkish: مقام (makam)

  → Turkish: makam

• → Old Punjabi: ਮੁਕਾਮੁ (mukāmu)
  • Punjabi: muqām

    Gurmukhi script: ਮੁਕ਼ਾਮ

    Shahmukhi script: مُقام

• → Sindhi:

  Arabic script: مُقامُ

  Devanagari script: मुक़ामु

  Khudawadi script: 𑋗𑋣𑊺𑋩𑋠𑋗𑋣 (muqāmu)

• → Telugu: మకాము (makāmu)
• → Uyghur: مۇقام (muqam)
  • → Chinese: 木卡姆 (mùkǎmǔ)

References

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “مقام”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim