ܚܘܪܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology

Root
ܚ ܘ ܪ (ḥ w r)
10 terms

Color derived from Aramaic חִיוָּרָא (ḥewwārā); compare Arabic أَحْوَر (ʔaḥwar), حُوَّارَى (ḥuwwārā, “chalk”), Hebrew חִוֵּר (khivér, “pale”) and חוּר (khúr, “fine white cloth”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xəwɑːrɑː]

Adjective

ܚܘܵܪܵܐ • (ḥwārā) (feminine ܚܘܵܪܬܵܐ (ḥwārtā), plural ܚܘܵܪܹ̈ܐ (ḥwārē))

1. white

Noun

ܚܘܵܪܵܐ • (ḥwārā) m

1. the white color
2. white person

Usage notes

Unlike some English usage of the term “white” referring to people of European descent, this term is not an ethnic label and refers to any person with light skin pigmentation.

Derived terms

• ܚܘܵܪܵܝܵܐ (ḥwārāyā, “a white person”)
• ܠܒ݂ܘܼܫܹ̈ܐ ܚܘܵܪܹ̈ܐ (lḇūšē ḥwārē, “white garments”)

See also

Colors in Assyrian Neo-Aramaic · ܓܵܘܢܹ̈ܐ (gāwnē) (layout · text)

ܚܘܵܪܵܐ (ḥwārā)	ܩܛܘܿܡܵܐ (qṭōmā)	ܐ݇ܟܘܿܡܵܐ (kōmā)
ܣܡܘܿܩܵܐ (smōqā); ܩܸܪܡܝܼܙܵܐ (qirmīzā)	ܐ݇ܛܪܘܿܓ݂ܵܐ (ṭrōḡā); ܦܘܼܪܬܩܵܠܵܐ (purtqālā); ܫܚܘܿܡܵܐ (šḥōmā)	ܫܥܘܿܬ݂ܵܐ (šˁōṯā); ܙܵܪܓܵܐ (zārgā)
ܠܲܝܡܵܐ (laymā)	ܝܲܪܘܿܩܵܐ (yarōqā)	ܩܝܼܢܵܐ (qīnā)
ܟܝܵܢܵܐ (kyānā)	ܙܪܘܿܩܵܐ (zrōqā)	ܡܝܼܠܵܐ (mīlā)
ܒܵܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ (bānafšā); ܡܲܝܩܵܐ (mayqā)	ܦ̮ܘܼܫܝܼܵܐ (fūšīyā); ܐܲܪܓܘܵܢܵܐ (argwānā)	ܘܲܪܘܿܕ݂ܵܐ (warōḏā)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From the root ܚ-ܘ-ܪ (ḥ-w-r), related to whitening; compare Arabic حُوَّارَى (ḥuwwārā), أَحْوَر (ʔaḥwar), Hebrew חִוֵּר (ḥiwwēr), חוּר (ḥūr).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ħɛwˈwɑ.rɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [xɪwˈwɑ.rɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ħɛˈwo.ro]

Adjective

ܚܘܪܐ • (ḥewwārā) m (plural ܚܘܪܐ, singular feminine counterpart ܚܘܪܬܐ)

1. white, silvery; clear, bright

Inflection

    declension of ܚܘܪܐ

masculine	singular	plural
absolute	ܚܘܪ	ܚܘܪܝܢ
construct	ܚܘܪ	ܚܘܪܝ
emphatic	ܚܘܪܐ	ܚܘܪܐ
feminine	singular	plural
absolute	ܚܘܪܐ	ܚܘܪܢ
construct	ܚܘܪܬ	ܚܘܪܬ
emphatic	ܚܘܪܬܐ	ܚܘܪܬܐ

Antonyms

• ܐܘܟܡܐ (ʾūkkāmā)

Noun

ܚܘܪܐ • (ḥewwārā) m (plural ܚܘܪܐ (ḥewwārē), singular feminine counterpart ܚܘܪܬܐ (ḥewwārtā))

1. white (color)
2. (numismatics) silver coin
3. white pepper
4. various trees and plants: white alder, white vine
5. white metal, tin
6. sheep
7. (in the plural) white garments
8. (anatomy) sclera, white of the eye

Inflection

    inflection of ܚܘܪܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܚܘܪ	ܚܘܪܝܢ
construct	ܚܘܪ	ܚܘܪܝ
emphatic	ܚܘܪܐ	ܚܘܪܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܚܘܪܝ	ܚܘܪܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܚܘܪܟ	ܚܘܪܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܚܘܪܟܝ	ܚܘܪܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܚܘܪܗ	ܚܘܪܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܚܘܪܗ	ܚܘܪܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܚܘܪܢ	ܚܘܪܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܚܘܪܟܘܢ	ܚܘܪܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܚܘܪܟܝܢ	ܚܘܪܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܚܘܪܗܘܢ	ܚܘܪܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܚܘܪܗܝܢ	ܚܘܪܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 2

From the root ܚ-ܘ-ܪ (ḥ-w-r), related to whitening; compare Arabic حَوْر (ḥawr).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈħaw.(wə.)rɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈxaw.rɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈħɑw.ro]

Noun

ܚܘܪܐ • (ḥawwərā) m (plural ܚܘܪܐ (ḥawwərē))

1. various trees: white poplar, alder
2. cinder, burnt out coal
3. yearling lamb

Inflection

    inflection of ܚܘܪܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܚܘܪ	ܚܘܪܝܢ
construct	ܚܘܪ	ܚܘܪܝ
emphatic	ܚܘܪܐ	ܚܘܪܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܚܘܪܝ	ܚܘܪܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܚܘܪܟ	ܚܘܪܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܚܘܪܟܝ	ܚܘܪܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܚܘܪܗ	ܚܘܪܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܚܘܪܗ	ܚܘܪܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܚܘܪܢ	ܚܘܪܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܚܘܪܟܘܢ	ܚܘܪܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܚܘܪܟܝܢ	ܚܘܪܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܚܘܪܗܘܢ	ܚܘܪܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܚܘܪܗܝܢ	ܚܘܪܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 3

From the root ܚ-ܘ-ܪ (ḥ-w-r) related to gazing.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈħaw.rɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈxaw.rɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈħɑw.ro]

Noun

ܚܘܪܐ • (ḥawrā) m (plural ܚܘܪܐ)

1. vision, sight, gaze
2. aspect, look, appearance
3. spectacle
4. pattern
5. likeness, example, model, copy
6. time

Inflection

    inflection of ܚܘܪܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܚܘܪ	ܚܘܪܝܢ
construct	ܚܘܪ	ܚܘܪܝ
emphatic	ܚܘܪܐ	ܚܘܪܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܚܘܪܝ	ܚܘܪܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܚܘܪܟ	ܚܘܪܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܚܘܪܟܝ	ܚܘܪܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܚܘܪܗ	ܚܘܪܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܚܘܪܗ	ܚܘܪܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܚܘܪܢ	ܚܘܪܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܚܘܪܟܘܢ	ܚܘܪܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܚܘܪܟܝܢ	ܚܘܪܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܚܘܪܗܘܢ	ܚܘܪܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܚܘܪܗܝܢ	ܚܘܪܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 4

From the root ܚ-ܘ-ܪ (ḥ-w-r) related to gazing.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ħawˈwɑ.rɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [xawˈwɑ.rɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ħɑˈwo.ro]

Adjective

ܚܘܪܐ • (ḥawwārā) m (plural ܚܘܪܐ, singular feminine counterpart ܚܘܪܬܐ)

1. envious, jealous, gluttonous, greedy

Inflection

    declension of ܚܘܪܐ

masculine	singular	plural
absolute	ܚܘܪ	ܚܘܪܝܢ
construct	ܚܘܪ	ܚܘܪܝ
emphatic	ܚܘܪܐ	ܚܘܪܐ
feminine	singular	plural
absolute	ܚܘܪܐ	ܚܘܪܢ
construct	ܚܘܪܬ	ܚܘܪܬ
emphatic	ܚܘܪܬܐ	ܚܘܪܬܐ

Etymology 5

From the root ܚ-ܘ-ܪ (ḥ-w-r) related to gazing.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ħ(ə.)ˈwɑ.rɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈxwɑ.rɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈħwo.ro]

Noun

ܚܘܪܐ • (ḥəwārā) m (plural ܚܘܪܐ (ḥəwārē))

1. look, glance, gazing
2. consideration, contemplation
3. aim, intention

Inflection

    inflection of ܚܘܪܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܚܘܪ	ܚܘܪܝܢ
construct	ܚܘܪ	ܚܘܪܝ
emphatic	ܚܘܪܐ	ܚܘܪܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܚܘܪܝ	ܚܘܪܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܚܘܪܟ	ܚܘܪܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܚܘܪܟܝ	ܚܘܪܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܚܘܪܗ	ܚܘܪܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܚܘܪܗ	ܚܘܪܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܚܘܪܢ	ܚܘܪܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܚܘܪܟܘܢ	ܚܘܪܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܚܘܪܟܝܢ	ܚܘܪܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܚܘܪܗܘܢ	ܚܘܪܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܚܘܪܗܝܢ	ܚܘܪܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 6

From the root ܚ-ܪ-ܪ (ḥ-r-r); compare Arabic خَوْر (ḵawr), Hebrew חֹר (ḥōr). Compare also Old Armenian խոր (xor).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈħor.rɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈxor.rɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈħu.ro]

Noun

ܚܘܪܐ • (ḥorrā, ḥōrā) m (plural ܚܘܪܐ (ḥorrē, ḥōrē))

1. hole, aperture

Inflection

    inflection of ܚܘܪܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܚܘܪ	ܚܘܪܝܢ
construct	ܚܘܪ	ܚܘܪܝ
emphatic	ܚܘܪܐ	ܚܘܪܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܚܘܪܝ	ܚܘܪܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܚܘܪܟ	ܚܘܪܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܚܘܪܟܝ	ܚܘܪܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܚܘܪܗ	ܚܘܪܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܚܘܪܗ	ܚܘܪܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܚܘܪܢ	ܚܘܪܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܚܘܪܟܘܢ	ܚܘܪܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܚܘܪܟܝܢ	ܚܘܪܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܚܘܪܗܘܢ	ܚܘܪܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܚܘܪܗܝܢ	ܚܘܪܝܗܝܢ

References

• “ḥwr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2011-11-12
• “ḥwr²”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2019-04-14
• “ḥwr³”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2019-04-14
• “ḥwr⁴”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2019-04-13
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pages 100b, 115a
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 134a-b
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 432a-b

Turoyo

Etymology 1

From Aramaic חיורא.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħeworo/

Adjective

ܚܶܘܳܪܳܐ • (ḥeworo)

1. white

Antonyms

• ܟܳܡܳܐ (komo)

Etymology 2

From Aramaic חַבְרָא (ḥaḇrā)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħawro/

Noun

ܚܰܘܪܳܐ • (ḥawro) m

1. friend