धीवर

Hindi

Alternative forms

• धींवर (dhī̃var)

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit धीवर (dhīvara). May have also been inherited via Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀥𑀻𑀯𑀭 (dhīvara).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /d̪ʱiː.ʋəɾ/, [d̪ʱiː.ʋɐɾ]

Noun

धीवर • (dhīvar) m (feminine धीवरी, Urdu spelling دھیور)

1. (formal) fisherman

   Synonyms: मछुआ (machuā), मछुआरा (machuārā)

   धीवर जाति ― dhīvar jāti ― the caste of fishermen

Declension

Declension of धीवर (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	धीवर dhīvar	धीवर dhīvar
oblique	धीवर dhīvar	धीवरों dhīvarõ
vocative	धीवर dhīvar	धीवरो dhīvaro

Further reading

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “धीवर”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
• Platts, John T. (1884) “धीवर”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “धीवर”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ধীৱৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬥᬷᬯᬭ (Balinese script)
• ধীবর (Bengali script)
• 𑰠𑰱𑰪𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀥𑀻𑀯𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• ဓီဝရ (Burmese script)
• ધીવર (Gujarati script)
• ਧੀਵਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌧𑍀𑌵𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦣꦷꦮꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂡𑂲𑂫𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ಧೀವರ (Kannada script)
• ធីវរ (Khmer script)
• ຘີວຣ (Lao script)
• ധീവര (Malayalam script)
• ᢡᡳᡳᠸᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘠𑘲𑘪𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᢑᠾᠢᠢᠸᠠᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧀𑧓𑧊𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐢𑐷𑐰𑐬 (Newa script)
• ଧୀଵର (Odia script)
• ꢤꢷꢮꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆣𑆵𑆮𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖠𑖱𑖪𑖨 (Siddham script)
• ධීවර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩮𑩑𑩛𑩾𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚜𑚯𑚦𑚤 (Takri script)
• தீ⁴வர (Tamil script)
• ధీవర (Telugu script)
• ธีวร (Thai script)
• དྷཱི་ཝ་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒡𑒲𑒫𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨜𑨁𑨊𑨭𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From धी (dhī) +‎ वर (vara).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /dʱiː.ʋɐ.ɾɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈd̪ʱiː.ʋɐ.ɾɐ/

Noun

धीवर • (dhīvará) stem, m (feminine धीवरी)

1. a clever, wise person
2. a fisherman

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:धीवर

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of धीवर (dhīvará)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	धीवरः dhīvaráḥ	धीवरौ / धीवरा¹ dhīvaraú / dhīvarā́¹	धीवराः / धीवरासः¹ dhīvarā́ḥ / dhīvarā́saḥ¹
Vocative	धीवर dhī́vara	धीवरौ / धीवरा¹ dhī́varau / dhī́varā¹	धीवराः / धीवरासः¹ dhī́varāḥ / dhī́varāsaḥ¹
Accusative	धीवरम् dhīvarám	धीवरौ / धीवरा¹ dhīvaraú / dhīvarā́¹	धीवरान् dhīvarā́n
Instrumental	धीवरेण dhīvaréṇa	धीवराभ्याम् dhīvarā́bhyām	धीवरैः / धीवरेभिः¹ dhīvaraíḥ / dhīvarébhiḥ¹
Dative	धीवराय dhīvarā́ya	धीवराभ्याम् dhīvarā́bhyām	धीवरेभ्यः dhīvarébhyaḥ
Ablative	धीवरात् dhīvarā́t	धीवराभ्याम् dhīvarā́bhyām	धीवरेभ्यः dhīvarébhyaḥ
Genitive	धीवरस्य dhīvarásya	धीवरयोः dhīvaráyoḥ	धीवराणाम् dhīvarā́ṇām
Locative	धीवरे dhīvaré	धीवरयोः dhīvaráyoḥ	धीवरेषु dhīvaréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Prakrit: 𑀥𑀻𑀯𑀭 (dhīvara)
  • Maharastri Prakrit:

    Devanagari script: ढीवर (ḍhīvara), ढींवर (ḍhīṃvara)

    Modi script: 𑘛𑘲𑘪𑘨 (ḍhīvara), 𑘛𑘲𑘽𑘪𑘨 (ḍhīṃvara)

    • Marathi: ढिवर (ḍhivar), ढीवर (ḍhīvar)

  • Paisaci Prakrit:
    • Takka Apabhramsa: (< *jhīvara)
      • Old Punjabi: ਝੀਵਰੁ (jhīvaru)
        • Punjabi:

          Gurmukhi script: ਝਿਊਰ (jhiūra), ਝੀਵਰ (jhīvar)

          Shahmukhi script: جھِیوَر (jhīvar)

  • Sauraseni Prakrit:
    • Gurjar Apabhramsa:
      • Gujarati: ધીમર (dhīmar)
• → Bengali: ধীবর (dhibor) (learned)
• → Gujarati: ધીવર (dhīvar) (learned)
• → Hindi: धीवर (dhīvar) (learned)
• → Maithili: (learned)

  Devanagari script: धीवर (dhīvar)

  Tirhuta script: 𑒡𑒲𑒫𑒩 (dhīvara)

• → Old Marathi: (learned)

  Devanagari script: धीर (dhīra)

  Modi script: 𑘠𑘲𑘨 (dhīra)

  • Marathi: धीवर (dhīvar)
• → Odia: ଧୀବର (dhibôrô) (learned)

Noun

धीवर • (dhīvará) stem, n

1. iron

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:लोह

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of धीवर (dhīvará)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	धीवरम् dhīvarám	धीवरे dhīvaré	धीवराणि / धीवरा¹ dhīvarā́ṇi / dhīvarā́¹
Vocative	धीवर dhī́vara	धीवरे dhī́vare	धीवराणि / धीवरा¹ dhī́varāṇi / dhī́varā¹
Accusative	धीवरम् dhīvarám	धीवरे dhīvaré	धीवराणि / धीवरा¹ dhīvarā́ṇi / dhīvarā́¹
Instrumental	धीवरेण dhīvaréṇa	धीवराभ्याम् dhīvarā́bhyām	धीवरैः / धीवरेभिः¹ dhīvaraíḥ / dhīvarébhiḥ¹
Dative	धीवराय dhīvarā́ya	धीवराभ्याम् dhīvarā́bhyām	धीवरेभ्यः dhīvarébhyaḥ
Ablative	धीवरात् dhīvarā́t	धीवराभ्याम् dhīvarā́bhyām	धीवरेभ्यः dhīvarébhyaḥ
Genitive	धीवरस्य dhīvarásya	धीवरयोः dhīvaráyoḥ	धीवराणाम् dhīvarā́ṇām
Locative	धीवरे dhīvaré	धीवरयोः dhīvaráyoḥ	धीवरेषु dhīvaréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• → Malayalam: ധീവരം (dhīvaraṁ) (learned)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “धीवर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 517.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “धीवर”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dhīvará”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press