宮刑

Chinese

		palace; uterus	punishment
trad. (宮刑)		宮	刑
simp. (宫刑)		宫	刑

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gōngxíng

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹ jing⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gōngxíng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gongsíng
    • Wade–Giles: kung¹-hsing²
    • Yale: gūng-syíng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongshyng
    • Palladius: гунсин (gunsin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 宮刑／宫刑 弓形 躬行

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gung¹ jing⁴
    • Yale: gūng yìhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹ jing⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: gung¹ ying⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ jɪŋ²¹/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 公營／公营 宮刑／宫刑

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• Middle Chinese: kjuwng heng

Rime
Character	宮	刑
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	東 (2)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	IV
Fanqie	居戎切	戸經切
Baxter	kjuwng	heng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨuŋ/	/ɦeŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kiuŋ/	/ɦeŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiuŋ/	/ɣɛŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuwŋ/	/ɦɛjŋ/
Li Rong	/kiuŋ/	/ɣeŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭuŋ/	/ɣieŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯uŋ/	/ɣieŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiōng	xíng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung1	jing4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)uŋ  [ɢ]ˤeŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kuŋ  ɡeːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	宮	刑	刑
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōng	xíng	xíng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjuwng ›	‹ heng ›	‹ heng ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)uŋ/	/*[ɢ]ˁeŋ/	/*[ɢ]ˁeŋ/
English	dwelling; palace; note of scale	punish(ment)	model, form
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	宮	刑
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4147	6861
Phonetic component	宮	井
Rime group	終	耕
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	弓	㓝
Old Chinese	/*kuŋ/	/*ɡeːŋ/

Noun

宮刑

1. (historical) castration (as a form of punishment)

   Synonym: 腐刑 (fǔxíng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (宮刑):

• → Japanese: 宮(きゅう)刑(けい) (kyūkei)
• → Korean: 궁형(宮刑) (gunghyeong)