廣州

See also: 広州 and 广州

Chinese edit

		Liangguang	province; prefecture; state province; prefecture; state; county
trad. (廣州)		廣	州
simp. (广州)		广	州

Wikipedia has articles on:

廣州 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
廣州 (Cantonese)
廣州 (Classical)
廣州 (Gan)
Kóng-chû (Hakka)
Guōng-ciŭ (Eastern Min)
Kńg-chiu (Southern Min)
廣州 (Wu)
Guangzhou (English)
Guangzhou (historical region) (English)

Etymology edit

Originally the name of a prefecture, first established in 226 CE and re-established in 264 CE, that covered parts of present-day Guangdong and whose seat was originally located in Panyu.

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Guǎngzhōu

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄓㄡ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gwong² zau¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): gong² ziu¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Kóng-chû

(Meixian, Guangdong): guong³ zu¹
Eastern Min (BUC): Guōng-ciŭ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Kńg-chiu / Kúiⁿ-chiu

(Teochew, Peng'im): geng² ziu¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵kuaon-tseu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Guǎngzhōu
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄓㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Guǎngjhou
  - Wade–Giles: Kuang³-chou¹
  - Yale: Gwǎng-jōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Goangjou
  - Palladius: Гуанчжоу (Guančžou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwong² zau¹
  - Yale: gwóng jāu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwong² dzau¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: guong² zeo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɔːŋ³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: gong² ziu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔŋ⁵⁵ t͡siu³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Kóng-chû
  - Hakka Romanization System: gong` zu´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gong³ zu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /koŋ³¹ t͡su²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: guong³ zu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kuɔŋ³¹ t͡su⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Guōng-ciŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuoŋ³³⁻²¹ ^(t͡s-)ʒieu⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang, Philippines, Singapore, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kńg-chiu
  - Tâi-lô: Kńg-tsiu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kngfciw
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /kŋ̍⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siu³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Penang): /kŋ̍⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡siu³³/
  - IPA (Singapore): /kŋ̍⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kúiⁿ-chiu
  - Tâi-lô: Kuínn-tsiu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvuyciw
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: geng² ziu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ́ng tsiu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siu³³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵kuaon-tseu
  - MiniDict: kuaon^去 tseu
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²kuaan-tseu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kuɑ̃³³ t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: kwangX tsyuw

Rime
Character	廣	州
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	唐 (102)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	古晃切	職流切
Baxter	kwangX	tsyuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kwɑŋ^X/	/t͡ɕɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷɑŋ^X/	/t͡ɕiu/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑŋ^X/	/t͡ɕiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaŋ^X/	/cuw/
Li Rong	/kuɑŋ^X/	/t͡ɕiu/
Wang Li	/kuɑŋ^X/	/t͡ɕĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwɑŋ^X/	/t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guǎng	zhōu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwong²	zau¹

Proper noun edit

廣州

(～市, formerly ～府, ～路) Guangzhou (a prefecture-level city, subprovincial city, and port, the provincial capital of Guangdong, China)
(historical) Guǎng Prefecture (various ancient prefectures of imperial China in present-day Guangdong and Guangxi)
(～市) Gwangju (a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea)

Synonyms edit

(capital of Guangdong): 五羊城 (Wǔyángchéng), 羊城 (Yángchéng), 五羊 (Wǔyáng), 穗城 (Suìchéng)

Dialectal synonyms of 廣州 (“Guangzhou”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		廣州, 穗 short
Mandarin	Taiwan	廣州
Mandarin	Singapore	廣州
Cantonese	Guangzhou	廣州, 廣府, 省城, 省
	Hong Kong	廣州, 省城, 大圈 slang
	Taishan	廣州, 省城
	Kaiping (Chikan)	省
	Dongguan	省城
	Singapore (Guangfu)	廣州
Hakka	Meixian	廣州
Hakka	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	省
Southern Min	Xiamen	廣州
	Quanzhou	廣州
	Zhangzhou	廣州
	Penang (Hokkien)	廣州
	Singapore (Hokkien)	廣州
	Leizhou	廣州