省
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Translingual edit
Stroke order | |||
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Han character edit
省 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 火竹月山 (FHBU), four-corner 90602, composition ⿱少目)
Derived characters edit
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 802, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23179
- Dae Jaweon: page 1218, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2473, character 1
- Unihan data for U+7701
Chinese edit
simp. and trad. |
省 | |
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alternative forms |
Glyph origin edit
Historical forms of the character 省 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Originally 眚. In oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *sreŋʔ, *sleŋʔ): phonetic 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “sprout”) + 目 (“eye”) – "to inspect plants". In Shuowen Jiezi, 眚 and 省 became separate characters. 生 corrupted over time into 少.
Pronunciation 1 edit
Definitions edit
省
- to omit; to leave out
- to reduce, to simplify
- (colloquial, by extension) to have less strange, potentially genius but generally lousy ideas for the sake of others to save worry
- to save, to economize
- † palace
- 禁中者,門戶有禁,非侍禦者不得入,故曰禁中。孝元皇后父大司馬陽平侯名禁,當時避之,故曰省中。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 1st century, Cai Yong, 《獨斷》
- Jìnzhōng zhě, ménhù yǒu jìn, fēi shìyù zhě bùdé rù, gù yuē jìnzhōng. Xiàoyuán Huánghòu fù dàsīmǎ Yángpíng Hóu míng Jìn, dāngshí bì zhī, gù yuē shěngzhōng. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
禁中者,门户有禁,非侍御者不得入,故曰禁中。孝元皇后父大司马阳平侯名禁,当时避之,故曰省中。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- ⁜ (historical, by extension) department (of a government)
- 中書省/中书省 ― Zhōngshūshěng ― the Central Secretariat
- ministry of the Japanese government
- 文部科學省/文部科学省 ― wénbù kēxué xǐng ― Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- province; (originally) Short for 行省 (xíngshěng). (Classifier: 個/个)
- (chiefly Guangdong) Short for 省城 (shěngchéng, “Guangzhou”).
- 省港澳 ― Shěng-Gǎng-Ào ― Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and Macau
- a surname
Synonyms edit
Dialectal synonyms of 省 (“to save; to economize”) [map]
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 省 | |
Mandarin | Taiwan | 省 |
Guilin | 省 | |
Singapore | 省 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 慳 |
Hong Kong | 慳 | |
Taishan | 慳 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 慳 | |
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 慳 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 省 |
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 慳 | |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 省 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 省 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 省 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 省 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 省 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 省 | |
Hong Kong | 省 | |
Southern Min | Taipei | 省 GT |
Penang (Hokkien) | 省 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 省, 儉 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 省 | |
Chaozhou | 儉 | |
Shantou | 儉, 省 | |
Jieyang | 儉 | |
Haifeng | 儉 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 儉 | |
Pontianak (Teochew) | 儉 | |
Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 廣州, 穗 short | |
Mandarin | Taiwan | 廣州 |
Singapore | 廣州 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 廣州, 廣府, 省城, 省 |
Hong Kong | 廣州, 省城, 大圈 slang | |
Taishan | 廣州, 省城 | |
Kaiping (Chikan) | 省 | |
Dongguan | 省城 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 廣州 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 廣州 |
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 省 | |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 廣州 |
Quanzhou | 廣州 | |
Zhangzhou | 廣州 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 廣州 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 廣州 | |
Leizhou | 廣州 |
Usage notes edit
- Historically used as a suffix for many foreign major administrative divisions (states of the US, etc.), such usage is now generally obsolete (outside of fossilized instances like 麻省 (“Massachusetts”)) and replaced with 州 (zhōu, “state”).
Compounds edit
- 三省
- 中書省/中书省 (Zhōngshūshěng)
- 儉省/俭省 (jiǎnshěng)
- 內省/内省
- 凍省/冻省 (dòng shěng)
- 刪省/删省
- 到省
- 副省級/副省级 (fùshěngjí)
- 北省
- 南省
- 各省
- 外省 (wàishěng)
- 多一事不如省一事
- 宮省/宫省
- 寬刑省法/宽刑省法
- 尚書省/尚书省
- 掖省
- 撙省
- 本省 (běnshěng)
- 東三省/东三省 (Dōngsānshěng)
- 清心省事
- 減省/减省 (jiǎnshěng)
- 畫省/画省
- 省下
- 省中 (shěngzhōng)
- 省主席
- 省事
- 省令
- 省份 (shěngfèn)
- 省便
- 省儉/省俭 (shěngjiǎn)
- 省元
- 省分 (shěngfèn)
- 省刑薄斂/省刑薄敛
- 省力 (shěnglì)
- 省卻/省却 (shěngquè)
- 省可
- 省可裡/省可里
- 省喫儉用/省吃俭用 (shěngchījiǎnyòng)
- 省垣
- 省城 (shěngchéng)
- 省家 (shěngjiā)
- 省府 (shěngfǔ)
- 省形
- 省得 (shěngde)
- 省心 (shěngxīn)
- 省慾去奢/省欲去奢
- 省政
- 省政府
- 省政建設/省政建设
- 省時/省时
- 省會/省会 (shěnghuì)
- 省治
- 省油燈/省油灯
- 省油的燈/省油的灯 (shěngyóu de dēng)
- 省減/省减
- 省港大罷工/省港大罢工 (Shěng-Gǎng Dàbàgōng)
- 省煤器
- 省煩從簡/省烦从简
- 省用足財/省用足财
- 省略 (shěnglüè)
- 省略號/省略号 (shěnglüèhào)
- 省視學/省视学
- 省立 (shěnglì)
- 省籍 (shěngjí)
- 省聲/省声
- 省議會/省议会
- 省轄市/省辖市 (shěngxiáshì)
- 省農科院/省农科院 (Shěngnóngkēyuàn)
- 省道 (shěngdào)
- 省錢/省钱 (shěngqián)
- 省長/省长 (shěngzhǎng)
- 省陌
- 祕書省/秘书省
- 禁省 (jìnshěng)
- 節省/节省 (jiéshěng)
- 精省 (jīng shěng)
- 腹省
- 臺省/台省
- 行省 (xíngshěng)
- 輕省/轻省
- 門下省/门下省
- 麻省 (Máshěng)
Descendants edit
Others:
See also edit
Pronunciation 2 edit
Definitions edit
省
- to examine; to inspect
- to greet; to visit
- to understand; to comprehend
Compounds edit
- 三省
- 不省
- 不省事
- 不省人事 (bùxǐngrénshì)
- 不省得
- 不記省/不记省
- 人事不省
- 修省
- 內省/内省
- 內省不疚/内省不疚
- 反省 (fǎnxǐng)
- 反躬自省 (fǎngōngzìxǐng)
- 存省
- 定省
- 思省
- 提省
- 日省月試/日省月试
- 日省月課/日省月课
- 昏定晨省
- 晨參暮省/晨参暮省
- 晨昏定省
- 未省
- 歸省/归省
- 深省 (shēnxǐng)
- 猛省 (měngxǐng)
- 發人深省/发人深省 (fārénshēnxǐng)
- 省事
- 省俗觀風/省俗观风
- 省問/省问
- 省墓
- 省察 (xǐngchá)
- 省得 (shěngde)
- 省思 (xǐngsī)
- 省悟 (xǐngwù)
- 省戒
- 省方觀俗/省方观俗
- 省方觀民/省方观民
- 省視/省视 (xǐngshì)
- 省見/省见
- 省親/省亲 (xǐngqīn)
- 省記/省记
- 省諭/省谕
- 省識/省识
- 省風/省风
- 臨危自省/临危自省
- 自我反省 (zìwǒ fǎnxǐng)
- 自省 (zìxǐng)
- 觀省/观省
- 記省/记省
- 豁然省悟
- 責躬省過/责躬省过
- 返躬內省/返躬内省
- 退省 (tuìxǐng)
References edit
- “省”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese edit
Kanji edit
省
Readings edit
- Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
- Kun: かえりみる (kaerimiru, 省みる, Jōyō)←かへりみる (kaferimiru, 省みる, historical); はぶく (habuku, 省く, Jōyō); みる (miru, 省る)
- Nanori: さとし (satoshi)
Prefix edit
Suffix edit
Noun edit
- ministry, government department, office
- 法務省
- hōmu shō
- Ministry of Justice
- 法務省
- Chinese province
Korean edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Chinese 省 (MC sjengX).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean 셔ᇰ〯 (Yale: syěng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | ᄉᆞᆯ필 셩 | Recorded as Middle Korean 셩 (syeng) (Yale: syeng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576. |
Early Modern Korean | ||
Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | ᄉᆞᆯ필 셩 | Recorded as Early Modern Korean 셩 (Yale: syeng) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰʌ̹ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [성]
Hanja edit
省 (eumhun 살필 성 (salpil seong))
- Hanja form? of 성 (“to examine; to inspect”).
- Hanja form? of 성 (“Chinese province”).
- Hanja form? of 성 (“ministry; department”).
Compounds edit
Compounds
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle Chinese 省 (MC srjaengX).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆡᇰ〯 (Yale: sǒyng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] | 조릴 ᄉᆡᆼ | Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆡᆼ (soyng) (Yale: soyng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576. |
Early Modern Korean | ||
Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | 덜 ᄉᆡᆼ | Recorded as Early Modern Korean ᄉᆡᆼ (Yale: soyng) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰɛŋ] ~ [sʰe̞ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [생/셍]
Hanja edit
Compounds edit
References edit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]
Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
省: Hán Nôm readings: tỉnh, xển, xỉnh, xĩnh, tểnh, tễnh
Definitions edit
省
- one of the highest administrative divisions in Vietnam, translates to English province, opposed to a thành phố trực thuộc trung ương; itself is divided into its tỉnh lị/thành phố trực thuộc tỉnh (“provincial capital”) and huyện (“suburban district”)
- tỉnh lẻ ― provinces, as places that are not as developed as thành phố trực thuộc trung ương and therefore more humbling
- dân tỉnh lẻ ― "small town" folks
- tỉnh Vĩnh Phúc ― Vĩnh Phúc Province
- lệnh của tỉnh đưa về xã ― a decree handed down to the commune from the province
- an administrative division that translates to English province in other countries
- tỉnh Hồ Bắc ― Hubei Province
- an administrative division that translates to English prefecture, for example in French or Japanese territories
- tỉnh Gifu ― Gifu Prefecture
- (metonymically) provincial capital
- lên tỉnh mua hàng ― going into town to buy goods