Japanese edit

 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Kanji in this term
ぶん
Grade: 1
めい
Grade: 2
かい
Grade: 3

Grade: 3
on’yomi

Etymology edit

文明 (bunmei) +‎ 開化 (kaika)

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [bɯ̟̃ᵝmːe̞ː ka̠ika̠]

Noun edit

(ぶん)(めい)(かい)() (bunmei kaika

  1. "civilization and enlightenment" (Meiji-era adoption of Western thinking)

See also edit