紅毛

See also: 红毛

Chinese edit

		red; revolutionary; prosperity red; revolutionary; prosperity; bonus; popular	hair; fur; one tenth of a yuan or dollar
trad. (紅毛)		紅	毛
simp. (红毛)		红	毛

Wikipedia has articles on:

紅毛 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
ang moh (English)

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hóngmáo

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄠˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hung⁴ mou^4-2, hung⁴ mou⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): huung³ mau³, huung³ mau^3*
Eastern Min (BUC): è̤ng-mò̤
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): âng-mn̂g / âng-mô͘ / âng-mo͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): ang⁵ mo⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hóngmáo
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hóngmáo
  - Wade–Giles: hung²-mao²
  - Yale: húng-máu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: horngmau
  - Palladius: хунмао (xunmao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xʊŋ³⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    紅毛／红毛
    鴻毛／鸿毛
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hung⁴ mou^4-2, hung⁴ mou⁴
  - Yale: hùhng móu, hùhng mòuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hung⁴ mou^4-2, hung⁴ mou⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: hung⁴ mou^4-2, hung⁴ mou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hʊŋ²¹ mou̯²¹⁻³⁵/, /hʊŋ²¹ mou̯²¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    紅毛／红毛
    鴻毛／鸿毛

Note: hung4 mou4-2 - “Caucasian”.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: huung³ mau³, huung³ mau^3*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɵŋ²² ᵐbau²²/, /hɵŋ²² ᵐbau²²⁻²²⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: è̤ng-mò̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /øyŋ⁵³⁻³³ mo⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: âng-mn̂g
  - Tâi-lô: âng-mn̂g
  - Phofsit Daibuun: angmngg
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /aŋ²³⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /aŋ²⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: âng-mô͘
  - Tâi-lô: âng-môo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: angmoo
  - IPA (Penang): /aŋ²³⁻²¹ mɔ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /aŋ¹³⁻²² mɔ̃¹³/
  - IPA (Singapore): /aŋ²⁴⁻²¹ mɔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: âng-mo͘
  - Tâi-lô: âng-moo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: angmof
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /aŋ¹³⁻²² mɔ̃⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ang⁵ mo⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: âng mô
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ mo⁵⁵/

Noun edit

紅毛

red hair (on animals)
(Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan, chiefly Hokkien and Teochew, derogatory) red-haired person; (by extension) Caucasian person; white person; ang moh

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 西方人 (“Westerner; Caucasian”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		西方人, 西洋人, 洋人, 白人, 白種人
Mandarin	Beijing	老外, 毛子
	Taiwan	洋人, 西洋人, 白人, 老外
	Jinan	洋人, 洋鬼子
	Wanrong	洋人
	Xi'an	洋人
	Lanzhou	洋人
	Wuhan	洋人, 高鼻子
	Liuzhou	番鬼佬
	Nanjing	洋鬼子
	Singapore	洋人, 外國佬
Cantonese	Guangzhou	西人, 老西, 老番, 鬼佬, 番鬼佬, 鬼子佬, 紅毛頭, 紅毛 dated, 紅毛鬼 dated
	Hong Kong	西人, 白人, 鬼佬, 番鬼佬, 老番 dated, 紅毛鬼 dated, 白鬼 dated
	Macau	鬼佬
	Taishan	老番, 番鬼佬
	Kaiping (Chikan)	老番, 番鬼, 番鬼佬, 紅毛
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	鬼佬
	Singapore (Guangfu)	鬼佬
Gan	Nanchang	洋人
	Lichuan	洋人
	Pingxiang	洋人
Hakka	Meixian	番人, 番鬼仔
	Yudu	洋人
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	洋人, 西洋人, 阿啄仔, 鉤鼻仔, 紅毛番
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	洋人, 西洋人, 阿啄仔, 鉤鼻仔, 紅毛番
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	洋人, 西洋人, 阿啄仔, 鉤鼻仔, 紅毛番
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	洋人, 西洋人, 鉤鼻公, 紅毛番
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	洋人, 西洋人, 阿啄仔, 鉤鼻仔, 紅毛番
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	西洋人, 紅毛番
Southern Min	Xiamen	番仔, 阿啄仔, 紅毛番, 𧺤毛的, 番仔鬼
	Quanzhou	番仔, 紅毛番, 𧺤毛的
	Zhangzhou	番仔, 紅毛番, 𧺤毛的
	Kaohsiung	紅毛仔
	Changhua (Lukang)	阿啄仔
	Taichung	啄鼻仔
	Taichung (Wuqi)	阿啄仔
	Tainan	西洋儂, 阿啄仔, 啄鼻仔
	Taitung	阿啄仔
	Penang (Hokkien)	紅毛, 紅毛猴
	Singapore (Hokkien)	紅毛, 紅毛儂, 紅毛猴
	Manila (Hokkien)	西方人, 西洋儂, 白種人, 化人 dated
	Shantou	番儂, 紅毛囝, 番囝
	Jieyang	紅毛, 紅毛囝, 紅毛鬼
	Singapore (Teochew)	紅毛, 紅毛儂
	Leizhou	鉤鼻鬼
	Haikou	番鬼, 紅毛, 高鼻綠目, 高鼻塌目
Wu	Shanghai	洋人
Wu	Wenzhou	番人, 高鼻頭
Xiang	Changsha	紅毛洋人, 洋人子, 洋人

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

→ English: ang moh, angmoh, ang mo
→ Thai: อั้งม้อ (âng-mɔ́ɔ), อั้งม่อ (âng-mɔ̂ɔ), อั้งหม้อ (âng-mɔ̂ɔ)

Japanese edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
紅	毛
こう Grade: 6	もう Grade: 2
on’yomi

Possibly coined in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived elements 紅 (kō, “red, crimson”) +‎ 毛 (mō, “hair”).

Alternatively, possibly from Middle Chinese compound 紅毛 (MC huwng maw).

Compare modern Mandarin 紅毛／红毛 (hóngmáo).

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) こーもー [kòómóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [ko̞ːmo̞ː]

Noun edit

紅(こう)毛(もう) • (kōmō)

red hair
Synonym: (more general term for a redhead) 赤毛 (akage)
during the Edo period, an epithet for the Dutch, contrasting with the term 南蛮 (nanban, literally “Southern barbarians”) used for the Spanish and Portuguese
in modern times, an epithet for Westerners or Europeans

Derived terms edit

Derived terms

紅毛画 (こうもうが, kōmōga): during the Edo period, western pictures that were imported into Japan through Dutch-controlled Nagasaki; those Japanese-produced pictures that were influenced by western artwork
紅毛人 (こうもうじん, kōmōjin): during the Edo period, an epithet for a Dutch person, contrasting with the term 南蛮 (nanban, literally “Southern barbarians”) used for the Spanish and Portuguese
紅毛船 (こうもうせん, kōmōsen): an epithet for European trading ships that visited Japan in the late 1600s, primarily from the Netherlands, contrasting with the term 南蛮船 (nanbansen, literally “Southern barbarian ship”) used for ships from Spain and Portugal
紅毛碧眼 (こうもうへきがん, kōmō hekigan): literally “red hair, blue eyes” → a Westerner

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
紅	毛
Grade: 6	Grade: 2
irregular

By extension from the red hair meaning being applied to the Dutch, used as jukujikun (熟字訓) for オランダ (Oranda, “Holland”).^[4]

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) オランダ [òráńdá] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [o̞ɾã̠nda̠]

Proper noun edit

紅毛(オランダ) or 紅毛(おらんだ) • (Oranda)

(obsolete) Holland, the Netherlands

Usage notes edit

This reading was used primarily during the Edo period, and has since fallen out of use.

References edit

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 2.0 ^2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[SMK5-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-4] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

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