See also:
U+7D05, 紅
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D05

[U+7D04]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7D06]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 120, +3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 女火一 (VFM), four-corner 21910, composition )

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 916, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27243
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1343, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3363, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+7D05

Chinese edit

trad.
simp.
 
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • (Cantonese)
  • (Classical)
  • (Gan)

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
 

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡoːŋ): semantic (silk) + phonetic (OC *koːŋ).

Etymology edit

(OC *l'uːŋ, “red”) could be a variant of (OC *ɡoːŋ) (Schuessler, 2007). May be related to (OC *kroːŋs, *ɡoːŋ, “rainbow”).

Originally referred to lighter shades of red; gradually replaced (chì, “red”) as the basic color term for "red".

Pronunciation 1 edit


Note:
  • è̤ng - colloquial;
  • hùng - literary ("successful;
  • red bunting").
  • Southern Min
  • Note:
    • âng - colloquial;
    • hông - literary.
    Note:
    • ang5 - colloquial;
    • hong5 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /xuŋ³⁵/
    Harbin /xuŋ²⁴/
    Tianjin /xuŋ⁴⁵/
    Jinan /xuŋ⁴²/
    Qingdao /xəŋ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /xuŋ⁴²/
    Xi'an /xuŋ²⁴/
    Xining /xuə̃²⁴/
    Yinchuan /xuŋ⁵³/
    Lanzhou /xũn⁵³/
    Ürümqi /xuŋ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /xoŋ²¹³/
    Chengdu /xoŋ³¹/
    Guiyang /xoŋ²¹/
    Kunming /xoŋ³¹/
    Nanjing /xoŋ²⁴/
    Hefei /xəŋ⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /xuəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /xuŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /xũŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦoŋ²³/
    Suzhou /ɦoŋ¹³/
    Hangzhou /ɦoŋ²¹³/
    Wenzhou /ɦoŋ³¹/
    Hui Shexian /xuʌ̃⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /xan⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /xoŋ¹³/
    Xiangtan /ɦən¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /fuŋ⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /fuŋ¹¹/
    Taoyuan /fuŋ¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /hoŋ²¹/
    Nanning /huŋ²¹/
    Hong Kong /huŋ²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hɔŋ³⁵/
    /aŋ³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /øyŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ɔŋ²¹/
    Shantou (Teochew) /hoŋ⁵⁵/
    /aŋ⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /hɔŋ³¹/
    /aŋ³¹/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (33)
    Final () (1)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter huwng
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ɦuŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ɦuŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ɣuŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ɦəwŋ/
    Li
    Rong
    /ɣuŋ/
    Wang
    Li
    /ɣuŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ɣuŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    hóng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    hung4
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    hóng
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ huwng ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ɡˁoŋ/
    English pink

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 4055
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ɡoːŋ/

    Definitions edit

    1. red
        ―  hóng  ―  red (color)
        ―  hóngchá  ―  black tea (literally, “red tea”)
        ―  hóngbāo  ―  red packet
      綠色盲绿色盲  ―  hónglǜ sèmáng  ―  red-green colour blindness
    2. (colloquial) popular; in vogue
        ―  fānhóng  ―  to be popular again
      邁克爾·傑克遜沒有以前那麼 [MSC, trad.]
      迈克尔·杰克逊没有以前那么 [MSC, simp.]
      Màikè'ěr Jiékèxùn méiyǒu yǐqián nàme hóng le. [Pinyin]
      Michael Jackson is not as popular as he used to be.
    3. the red clothes and bunting used on festive occasions
        ―  hóng  ―  to drape in red silk as a sign of honor or for festivity
    4. festive occasion; wedding
      白喜事白喜事  ―  hóngbáixǐshì  ―  weddings and funerals
    5. (figurative) revolutionary; Communist; Red
        ―  hóngjūn  ―  Red army
      又專又专  ―  yòuhóngyòuzhuān  ―  to have a procommunist mindset along with professional skill
    6. (business, finance) bonus; extra dividend
        ―  fēnhóng  ―  distribute or draw dividends
    7. (literary) flower
        ―  cánhóng  ―  fallen petals
    8. (literary) beautiful woman
    9. (literary) blood
        ―  luòhóng  ―  to bleed as an indication of a broken virginity
    10. (euphemistic, Cantonese, Hakka) blood tofu
      [Cantonese]  ―  zyu1 hung4 [Jyutping]  ―  pig blood tofu
      [Cantonese]  ―  gai1 hung4 [Jyutping]  ―  chicken blood tofu
    11. a surname: Hong

    Synonyms edit

    • (red):

    Compounds edit

    Pronunciation 2 edit


    Note:
    • kang - vernacular;
    • kong - literary.

    Definitions edit

    1. Substitute character for (gōng).
    2. Substitute character for (gōng).
        ―  gōng  ―  the feminine arts (e.g. needlework, sewing, embroidery)
    3. Placename in the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period in Chinese history, northeast of modern Tai'an, Shandong.

    Compounds edit

    Pronunciation 3 edit


    Definitions edit

    1. Substitute character for (jiàng).

    References edit

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    (grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings edit

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 1 edit

     
    (kurenai, beni, ): hexadecimal color code #D71345
     
    (kurenai, beni): the safflower, Carthamus tinctorius
    Kanji in this term
    くれない
    Grade: 6
    kun’yomi

    ⟨kure no2 awi⟩/kurenawi//kurenai/

    From Old Japanese.

    Shift from 呉の藍 (Kure no ai),[1][2] itself a compound of (Kure, China) +‎ (no, possessive particle) +‎ (ai, indigodye)). The safflower, from which the crimson dye was extracted, was brought to Japan from China.

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (くれない) (kurenaiくれなゐ (kurenawi)?

    1. the color crimson, a vivid red edging towards pink
      Synonyms: 紅色 (kurenai-iro, kōshoku, beni-iro), 丹紅 (tankō)
    2. the safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), from which this color is extracted
      Synonyms: 呉の藍 (Kure no ai), 紅花 (kōka, benibana), 末摘花 (suetsumuhana)
      • 905, Kokin Wakashū (book 13, poem 661)
        (くれなゐ)(いろ)にはいでじ(かく)()(した)にかよひて(こひ)()ぬとも
        kurenai no iro ni wa ideji kakure nu no shita ni kayoite koi wa shinu to mo
        I shall not show it as a safflower flaunts its red―not though I perish of a love kept as secret as streams in a hidden marsh.[3]
    3. a 伽羅 (kyara)-class incense
    Derived terms edit
    Proverbs edit

    Proper noun edit

    (くれない) (Kurenaiくれなゐ (kurenawi)?

    1. a female given name
    2. a surname

    Etymology 2 edit

     
    (beni): lipstick
     
    (beni): rouge
    Kanji in this term
    べに
    Grade: 6
    kun’yomi

    */peni//beni/

    First attested in The Pillow Book, completed in 1002.

    Shift from *heni, attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE) with the original sense of "rouge".

    The ni is definitely (ni, red earth, cinnabar), while the initial pe/be remains uncertain.

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (べに) (beni

    1. the color crimson, a vivid red edging towards pink
      Synonyms: 紅色 (kurenai-iro, kōshoku, beni-iro), 丹紅 (tankō)
    2. Short for 紅花 (benibana). the safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), from which this color is extracted
    3. the crimson pigment extracted from safflower petals, used in cosmetics and as a food coloring
      Synonym: 臙脂 (enji)
    4. rouge (red cosmetic traditionally made from safflowers)
      Synonym: 頬紅 (hōbeni)
    5. lipstick, lip liner (also traditionally made from safflowers)
      Synonym: 口紅 (kuchibeni)
    Derived terms edit
    Idioms edit

    Proper noun edit

    (べに) (Beni

    1. a female given name
    2. a surname

    Etymology 3 edit

     
    (aka): hexadecimal color code #FF0000
    Kanji in this term
    あか
    Grade: 6
    kun’yomi

    Alternative spelling for (aka, red).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (あか) (aka

    1. Alternative spelling of (aka, red)
    Usage notes edit

    The spelling for aka carries connotations of a deeper red or crimson color.

    Proper noun edit

    (あか) (Aka

    1. a female given name

    Etymology 4 edit

     
    (momi): A princess doll showing the momi kimono liner.
    Kanji in this term
    もみ
    Grade: 6
    kun’yomi

    From 揉み (momi, kneading, stem form of verb momu), by extension from the kneading of cloth during the dyeing process.

    Alternative forms edit

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (もみ) (momi

    1. silk cloth dyed an even shade of one color, often a deep gold dyed again with crimson, traditionally used as a kimono liner
      Synonym: 本紅 (hon-momi)
    Derived terms edit

    Proper noun edit

    (もみ) (Momi

    1. a female given name

    Etymology 5 edit

     
    (): hexadecimal color code #D71345
    Kanji in this term
    こう
    Grade: 6
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese (MC huwng).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (こう) (

    1. the color crimson, a vivid red edging towards pink
      Synonym: 紅色 (kurenai-iro, kōshoku, beni-iro)
    Idioms edit
    Derived terms edit

    Affix edit

    (こう) (

    1. crimson
    2. safflower
    3. female
    4. Substitute character for : work done by women

    Proper noun edit

    (こう) (

    1. a female given name

    References edit

    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ Helen Craig McCullough (1985) Brocade by Night: Kokin Wakashū and the Court Style in Japanese Classical Poetry, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 264

    Korean edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    Hanja edit

    (eumhun 붉을 (bulgeul hong))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Etymology 2 edit

    Hanja edit

    (eumhun 상복 (sangbok gong))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Old Japanese edit

    Etymology edit

    Shift from 呉の藍 (Kure no2 awi),[1][2] itself a compound of (Kure, China) +‎ (no2, possessive particle) +‎ (awi, indigodye).

    Noun edit

    (kurenawi) (kana くれなゐ)

    1. a safflower, Carthamus tinctorius
      • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 19, poem 4139:
        , text here
        春苑尓保布桃花下照道尓出立𡢳嬬
        paru no2 so2no2 kurenawi nipopu momo no2 pana sitaderu mi1ti ni idetatu woto2me1
        (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    Derived terms edit

    Descendants edit

    • Japanese:(くれない) (kurenai)

    References edit

    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Vietnamese edit

    Chữ Hán edit

    : Hán Việt readings: hồng ((hồ)(công)(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5], hường[5]
    : Nôm readings: hồng[1][2][4][5][3], hường[2][6][5], hông[7]

    1. chữ Hán form of hồng (pink).
    2. chữ Hán form of hường (pink).

    Compounds edit

    References edit