良中

Middle Korean

Particle

良中 (-ay)

1. Idu script spelling of 애 (-ay, “in; at; on”)
   • 1395, 高士褧 (Go Sa-gyeong), 金祗 (Kim Ji), 大明律直解 (Daemyeongnyul Jikhae) [Correct Translation of the Great Ming Code]:

     闕內城良中越入爲在乙良絞死齊

     if one trespasses on castles within the palace compound, he is to be hanged

References

• 박철주 (Bak Cheol-ju) (2005) “ko:<대명률직해>의 처격 및 구격 조사에 대한 고찰<tr:Daemyeongnyul Jikhae-ui cheogyeok mit gugyeok josa-e daehan gochal> [Study of locative and instrumental case markers in the Daemyeongnyul Jikhae]”, in Hangeul, volume 269, pages 5–51

Old Korean

Alternative forms

• 惡中 (*-a-kuy), 亦中 (*-ye-kuy), 阿希 (*-a-huy), 良衣 (*-a-uy), 也中, 良, 羅

Etymology

良 (locative particle) +‎ 中 (locative particle).

Particle

良中 (*-a-kuy, *-a-huy, *-a-uy)

1. in; at; on (locative case marker, predominant after the eleventh century)
   • c. 760, 希明 (Huimyeong), “禱千手觀音歌 (Docheonsugwaneum-ga)”, in 三國遺事 (Samguk Yusa) [Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms]:

     千手觀音叱前良中

     *CHYEN.SYU.KWAN.UM-s ALPH-a-kuy

     in front of the thousand-handed Guanyin

   • 1031, Dedication stele of the five-tiered pagoda at Jeongdo-sa:

     淨兜寺良中安置令是白於爲議出納爲乎事亦在乙

     for it was discussed and decided that it would be built at Jeongdo-sa

Usage notes

• First-millennium Old Korean also featured the locative particles 良 (*-a) and 中 (*-kuy). The two particles were compounded as 良中 (*-a-kuy) as early as the seventh century. The compounded form becomes predominant in the corpus after the eleventh century, after which the previous forms are rarely encountered in isolation. The compounded form eventually fused into a single morpheme, becoming the Middle Korean locative particle 애 (Yale: -ay). See also Middle Korean 良中.

Descendants

• Middle Korean: 에〮 (-éy)
  • Korean: 에 (-e)

See also

• 良 (*-a) (locative case marker)
• 中 (*-kuy) (locative case marker)
• 矣 (*-uy) (locative case marker)

References

• 배대은 (Bae Dae-eun) (1996) “이두 처격조사의 통시적 고찰 [Idu cheogyeok josa-ui tongsijeok gochal, A diachronic study of locative case markers in Idu]”, in Baedalmal, volume 21, pages 139–156
• 이승재 (Lee Seung-jae) (2000) “차자표기 자료의 격조사 연구 [Chaja pyogi jaryo-ui gyeokjosa yeon'gu, Study of case markers in the Chinese-based orthography [of Korean]]”, in Gugeo Gukmunhak, volume 127, pages 107–132
• Hwang Seon-yeop (2006). "Godae gugeo-ui cheogyeok josa" 고대국어의 처격조사 ["The locative case markers of Old Korean"]. Hanmal Yeon'gu Hakhoe Jeon'guk Haksul Daehoe (conference). Seongnam, South Korea. pp. 35–48.
• Nam Pung-hyun (2012) “Old Korean”, in Nicolas Tranter, editor, The Languages of Japan and Korea, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 41–72