述べる
Japanese edit
Etymology edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 述 |
| の Grade: 5 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 叙べる |
From the classical lower bigrade verb (バ行下二段活用) のぶ (nobu). Cognate with Japanese 伸べる (noberu) and 延べる (noberu).
Pronunciation edit
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "述べる"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
述べる | のべる | [nòbéꜜrù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 述べろ | のべろ | [nòbéꜜrò] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 述べられる | のべられる | [nòbéráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 述べさせる | のべさせる | [nòbésáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 述べられる | のべられる | [nòbéráréꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 述べよう | のべよー | [nòbéyóꜜò] |
| Negative | 述べない | のべない | [nòbéꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 述べなかった | のべなかった | [nòbéꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 述べます | のべます | [nòbémáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 述べた | のべた | [nóꜜbètà] |
| Conjunctive | 述べて | のべて | [nóꜜbètè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 述べれば | のべれば | [nòbéꜜrèbà] |
Verb edit
述べる • (noberu) transitive ichidan (stem 述べ (nobe), past 述べた (nobeta))
Usage notes edit
A common construction for using this verb would be:
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of "述べる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 述べ | のべ | nobe | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 述べ | のべ | nobe | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 述べる | のべる | noberu | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 述べる | のべる | noberu | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 述べれ | のべれ | nobere | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 述べよ¹ 述べろ² |
のべよ¹ のべろ² |
nobeyo¹ nobero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 述べられる | のべられる | noberareru | |
| Causative | 述べさせる 述べさす |
のべさせる のべさす |
nobesaseru nobesasu | |
| Potential | 述べられる 述べれる³ |
のべられる のべれる³ |
noberareru nobereru³ | |
| Volitional | 述べよう | のべよう | nobeyō | |
| Negative | 述べない 述べぬ 述べん |
のべない のべぬ のべん |
nobenai nobenu noben | |
| Negative continuative | 述べず | のべず | nobezu | |
| Formal | 述べます | のべます | nobemasu | |
| Perfective | 述べた | のべた | nobeta | |
| Conjunctive | 述べて | のべて | nobete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 述べれば | のべれば | nobereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Alternative forms edit
Synonyms edit
- 言う (iu): to say
- 語る (kataru): to tell a story or tale
- 説く (toku): to explain
- 告げる (tsugeru): to pass along something
- 話す (hanasu): to have a conversation
References edit
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN