-ना
Hindi edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Prakrit -𑀅𑀡 (-aṇa) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-), from Sanskrit -अन (-ana), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-anam, from Proto-Indo-European *-onom, from *-o- (thematic vowel) + *-nom (verbal noun suffix). Doublet of -अन (-an). Cognate with German -en (“infinitive ending”).
Suffix edit
-ना • (-nā)
- (as an inflection)
- used to form the infinitive
- forms neutral imperatives when used without a verb
- forms verbs from nouns or adjectives
Usage notes edit
Almost all Perso-Arabic and learned Sanskrit tatsama borrowings are nominal. Most of these nominals are verbalized as compound verbs with some base verb, usually करना (karnā), as in साफ़ करना (sāf karnā, “to clean”). A smaller number of verbs are formed directly from the noun with suffixes like -आना (-ānā) and this one.
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Old Hindi -ना (-nā), from Prakrit -𑀅𑀡𑀻𑀬 (-aṇīya), from Sanskrit -अनीय (-anīya), whence also the substantive -नी (-nī) ending. The reduction in the participle/adjective would come from taking the form with -nī as a feminine and analogizing the masculine -nā, likely with influence from the infinitive -nā (for which see Etymology 1).
Suffix edit
-ना • (-nā)
- forms gerundive participles, meaning that which should, can, or will be done; with a subject in the dative, expresses obligation
Usage notes edit
This suffix is typically still called the "infinitive" or "infinitive participle".
Declension edit
References edit
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “-ना”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Jaroslav Strnad (2013) Morphology and Syntax of Old Hindī : Edition and Analysis of One Hundred Kabīr Vānī Poems From Rājasthān (Brill's Indological Library; 45), Leiden, →OCLC, page 451
Kurukh edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Indo-Aryan.
Suffix edit
-ना (-nā)
- used to form the infinitive
- forms verbs from nouns or adjectives
- [script needed] (pińj, “name”) + -ना (-nā) → [script needed] (pińjnā, “to name”)
Sanskrit edit
Suffix edit
-ना • (-nā́)
- nominative singular feminine of -न (-ná)
- (Vedic) instrumental singular feminine of -न (-ná)