-এ

See also: -এই

Assamese

Alternative forms

• -ে (-e), -য়ে (-e), -ৱে (-e), -ই (-i) (mainly orthographic)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Kamarupi Prakrit -𑖊𑖼 (ẽ), from Magadhi Prakrit -𑀏𑀡 (-eṇa), -𑀏𑀀 (-em̐, “instrumental suffix”), from Sanskrit -এন (-ena, “instrumental suffix: with, by”). Cognate with Sylheti -ꠄ (-e).

Conjunction

-এ • (-e)

1. and, with

   Synonyms: আৰু (aru), -অৰ লগত (-or logot)

   কালিলৈ তুমিয়ে ময়ে বজাৰলৈ যাম।

   kaliloi tumie moe bozaroloi zam.

   You and I will go to market tomorrow.

   ৰ’দে বৰষুণে কনা শিয়ালৰ বিয়া।

   röde boroxune kona xialor bia.

   Sunshine and rain together is the marriage of blind jackal.

   তিনিয়ে একে চাৰি ― tinie eke sari ― three plus one is (equal to) four

Suffix

-এ • (-e)

1. Marker of the nominative case with transitive verbs.

   ল’ৰাটোৱে কিতাপ কিনি আছে।

   lóratüe kitap kini ase.

   The boy is buying books.

   বগলীবিলাকে মাছ ধৰি আছে।

   boɡolibilake mas dhori ase.

   The egrets are catching fish.

2. Marker of the instrumental case, unemphatic: by, with

   বেগে। ― bege ― Rapidly (lit, with speed)

   লাহে লাহে। ― lahe lahe. ― Slowly (lit, with stead)

   হাতে লিখা চিঠি। ― hate likha sithi. ― Letter written by hand.

   তাৰ মুখে শুনিলোঁ।

   tar mukhe xunilü̃.

   Heard from (by) his mouth.

Usage notes

For personal pronouns without suffixes, the ergative marking is not used.

For example,

মই যাওঁ, মই খাওঁ।

moi zaü̃, moi khaü̃.

I go, I eat.

Here যাওঁ (zaü̃, “go (1st person)”) is intransitive and খাওঁ (khaü̃, “eat (1st person)”) is transitive, but the subject মই (moi, “I”) doesn't get the ergative marking.

তহঁত যাৱ, তহঁতে খাৱ।

tohõt zao, tohõte khao.

You guys go, you guys eat.

Here তহঁতে (tohõte, “you (plural, ergative)”) gets the ergative marking because it has the plural suffix -হঁত (-hõt). Other plural suffixes used in personal pronouns are: -লোক (-lük), -সকল (-xokol) etc and the non-plural honorific suffix -খেত (-khet) (used in তেখেত (tekhet), এখেত (ekhet)) also gets the marking.

Etymology 2

Suffix

-এ • (-e)

1. locative suffix for some words: on, in, at

   Synonym: -অত (-ot)

   বুধবাৰে ― budhbare ― on Wednesday

   একেবাৰে ― ekebare ― totally (literally, “at one time”)

   কাৰণে ― karone ― for (literally, “in reason”)

   মতে ― mote ― accordingly (literally, “in opinion”)

   বাহিৰে ― bahire ― except (literally, “in out”)

   মাজে মাজে ― maze maze ― occasionally (literally, “in middle in middle”)

Bengali

Etymology

Inherited from Magadhi Prakrit -𑀏𑀡 (-eṇa), from Sanskrit -एन (-ena, instrumental suffix).

Particle

-এ • (-e)

1. ezafe