Appendix:Old Irish class A III present verbs

Main article: Appendix:Old Irish verbs

Old Irish class A III verbs (McCone's hiatus verbs H1, H2, and H3) have a present stem that ends in a vowel; they are derived from Proto-Celtic verbs whose present stems ends in s, w, or y.

Absolute forms are not widely attested in this class; many of the forms given below are hypothetical.

See Category:Old Irish class A III present verbs for a list of verbs belonging to this class.

Nondeponent endings edit

a-verbs edit

McCone's class H1 comprises hiatus verbs whose stem ends in a or á. A sample verb for this class is ráïd (“to row”), but as that verb is not widely attested, at·tá (“to be”) provides a large complement of present conjunct forms. The endings are as follows:

Present indicative
	1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive singular	Passive plural
Absolute	unattested; presumably ráu and/or ráïm	unattested; presumably *raí	ráïd	unattested; presumably *ráimmi	unattested; presumably *ráithe	ráït	ráithir	unattested; presumably *ráitir
Conjunct	·táu*	·taí	·tá	·táam	·táïd	·táat	·táthar	·tátar
Relative			ráas	unattested; presumably *ráimme		unattested; presumably *ráite	unattested; presumably *ráthar	rátar
Contracted to ·tó* in late Old Irish

Imperfect indicative
1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive singular	Passive plural
unattested; presumably *·ráinn	unattested; presumably ·rátha or ·ráithea	·raad	unattested; presumably *·ráimmis	unattested; presumably *·ráithe	unattested; presumably *·ráitis	unattested; presumably *·ráithe	unattested; presumably *·ráitis

Imperative
2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive singular	Passive plural
unattested; presumably *rá	unattested; presumably *ráad	unattested; presumably *ráam	unattested; presumably *ráïd	unattested; presumably *ráat	unattested; presumably *ráither	unattested; presumably *ráiter

i-verbs edit

McCone's class H2 comprises hiatus verbs whose stem ends in i or í. A sample verb for this class is gníïd (“to do, make”), whose conjunct forms are attested especially well in do·gní. This subclass has a tendency to take on their own unique subjunctive formation, the e-subjunctive.

The endings are as follows:

Present indicative
	1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive singular	Passive plural
Absolute	gníu*	gní	gníid	gnímmi	unattested; presumably *gníthe	gníit	gníthir	gnítir
Conjunct	·gníu*	·gní	·gní	·gniäm	·gníith	·gniät	·gníther	·gníter
Relative			gnís†	gnímme		gníte	gníther	gníter
The ending -im* is found in (·)liïm (from liïd) and in the prototonic form of some complex verbs such as ·dénaim from do·gní and ·accim from ad·cí. †ciïd (“to weep”) has cías.

Imperfect indicative
1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive singular	Passive plural
·gníinn	·gníthea	·gníth*	·gnímmis	·gníthe	·gnítis	·gníthe	·gnítis
*ciïd (“to weep”) has ·cíad.

Imperative
2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive singular	Passive plural
gní	gniäd	gniäm	gníid	gniät	gníther	gníter

Other hiatus verbs edit

McCone's class H3 comprises hiatus verbs whose stem ends in other vowels. Sample verb for this class include foïd (“to spend the night”), soïd (“to turn”), and sceïd (“to vomit”), as well as conjunct forms from ad·noí (“to entrust”), con·oí (“to protect”), and as·luí (“to escape”). The endings are as follows:

Present indicative
	1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive singular	Passive plural
Absolute	unattested; presumably fóu and/or foïm	unattested; presumably *foí	foïd	unattested; presumably *foïmmi	unattested; presumably *foïthe	foït	nuithir	unattested; presumably *foïtir
Conjunct	·noïm	·soí	·oí, ·luí	unattested; presumably *·foam	·óïth	·oat, ·luat	·soíther	unattested; presumably *·foïter
Relative			soas	unattested; presumably *·foïmme		unattested; presumably *·foïte	unattested; presumably *·foïther	unattested; presumably *·foïter

Imperfect indicative
1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive singular	Passive plural
unattested; presumably *·foïnn	unattested; presumably ·foïthea or ·foätha	unattested; presumably *·foäd	unattested; presumably *·foïmmis	unattested; presumably *·foïthe	unattested; presumably *·foïtis	unattested; presumably *·foïthe	unattested; presumably *·foïtis

Imperative
2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive singular	Passive plural
toí	unattested; presumably *foad	unattested; presumably *foam	unattested; presumably *foïd	unattested; presumably *foat	unattested; presumably *foïther	unattested; presumably *foïter

Deponent endings edit

Apparently only class H3 deponent verbs are attested. Sample verbs for this class are luïthir (“to move”) and con·oathar (“to protect”). The endings are as follows:

Present indicative
	1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive singular	Passive plural
Absolute*	unattested; presumably *lúur	unattested; presumably *luäthar	unattested; presumably *luïthir	unattested; presumably *luïmmir	unattested; presumably *luïthe	unattested; presumably *luïtir	unattested; presumably *luïthir	unattested; presumably *luïtir
Conjunct	·lúur	unattested; presumably *·luäthar	·oathar	unattested; presumably *·luämmar	·óïth	·luatar	·óïther	unattested; presumably *·luïter
Relative			unattested; presumably *luäthar	unattested; presumably *luämmar		unattested; presumably *luätar	unattested; presumably *luäthar	unattested; presumably *luätar

Imperfect indicative
1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive singular	Passive plural
·luïnn	unattested; presumably *luätha	·luäd	unattested; presumably *luïmmis	unattested; presumably *luïthe	unattested; presumably *luïtis	unattested; presumably *luïthe	unattested; presumably *luïtis

Imperative
2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive singular	Passive plural
unattested; presumably *luïthe	unattested; presumably *luäd	unattested; presumably *luäm	unattested; presumably *luïd	unattested; presumably *luätar	unattested; presumably *luäthar	unattested; presumably *luätar