Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ís

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European edit

Pronoun edit

*ís or *h₁e

  1. the (just named, anaphoric). This demonstrative was used instead of a third-person pronoun.

Declension edit

Andrew Sihler's reconstruction
Singular Plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *ís *íh₂ *íd *éyes *íh₂es *íh₂
accusative *ím *íh₂m *íd *íns *íh₂ms *íh₂
genitive *ésyo *ésyeh₂s *ésyo *éysom *éysom *éysom
ablative *ésmod *ésyeh₂s *ésyo *éysom *éysom *éysom
dative *ésmey *ésyeh₂ey *ésmey *eybʰ- *eybʰ- *eybʰ-
locative *ésmi *? *ésmi *eysu *eysu *eysu
Donald Ringe's reconstruction
Singular Plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *éy *íh₂ *íd *éyes *íh₂es (?) *íh₂
accusative *ím *íh₂m̥ *íd *íns *íh₂n̥s (?) *íh₂
genitive *ésyo *ésyeh₂s *ésyo *éysoHom *íh₂soHom *éysoHom
ablative *ésmead (?) *ésyeh₂s *ésmead (?) *éymos *íh₂mos *éymos
dative *ésmey *ésyeh₂ey *ésmey *éymos *íh₂mos *éymos
locative *ésmi *ésyeh₂(i) *ésmi *éysu *íh₂su *éysu
instrumental *íh₁ ? *íh₁ *éybʰi *íh₂bʰi *éybʰi
Robert Beekes' reconstruction
Singular Plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *h₁e *ih₂ *id *h₁ey *ih₂es *ih₂
accusative *im *ih₂m̥ *id *ins *ih₂n̥s *ih₂
genitive *h₁éso *h₁eseh₂s (?) *h₁éso *h₁éso(m) *h₁éso(m) *h₁éso(m)
ablative *h₁esmōd *h₁esmōd *h₁esmōd *h₁eyos *h₁eyos *h₁eyos
dative *h₁esmōy *h₁esieh₂ey *h₁esmōy *h₁eymus *h₁eymus *h₁eymus
locative *h₁esmi *h₁esyeh₂i *h₁esmi *h₁eysu *h₁eysu *h₁eysu
instrumental *h₁ey (?) *h₁ey (?) *h₁ey (?) *h₁eybʰi *h₁eybʰi *h₁eybʰi

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

References edit