Wiktionary

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷérh₃ti

 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European edit

Etymology edit

Athematic root present of *gʷerh₃- (“to swallow, devour, eat”).

Verb edit

*gʷérh₃ti (imperfective)[1][2]

  1. to swallow, devour, eat

Inflection edit

Imperfective, athematic, active only
3rd singular *gʷérh₃ti
3rd plural *gʷr̥h₃énti
Active voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
1st singular *gʷérh₃mi *gʷérh₃m̥ — *gʷérh₃oh₂ *gʷr̥h₃yéh₁m̥
2nd singular *gʷérh₃si *gʷérh₃s *gʷérh₃, *gʷr̥h₃dʰí *gʷérh₃esi *gʷr̥h₃yéh₁s
3rd singular *gʷérh₃ti *gʷérh₃t *gʷérh₃tu *gʷérh₃eti *gʷr̥h₃yéh₁t
1st dual *gʷr̥h₃wós *gʷr̥h₃wé — *gʷérh₃owos *gʷr̥h₃ih₁wé
2nd dual *gʷr̥h₃tés *gʷr̥h₃tóm *gʷr̥h₃tóm *gʷérh₃etes *gʷr̥h₃ih₁tóm
3rd dual *gʷr̥h₃tés *gʷr̥h₃tā́m *gʷr̥h₃tā́m *gʷérh₃etes *gʷr̥h₃ih₁tā́m
1st plural *gʷr̥h₃mós *gʷr̥h₃mé — *gʷérh₃omos *gʷr̥h₃ih₁mé
2nd plural *gʷr̥h₃té *gʷr̥h₃té *gʷr̥h₃té *gʷérh₃ete *gʷr̥h₃ih₁té
3rd plural *gʷr̥h₃énti *gʷr̥h₃ént *gʷr̥h₃éntu *gʷérh₃onti *gʷr̥h₃ih₁ént
Participle *gʷr̥h₃ónts

Descendants edit

  • Proto-Albanian: *engranti[3][4]
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gerˀtei[5]
    • Latvian: dzer̂t (“to drink”)
    • Lithuanian: gerti (“to drink”)
      • ⇒ Lithuanian: gìrtas (“drunk, intoxicated”)
    • Proto-Slavic: *žèrti (“to devour, eat”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *kwerraną (“to devour”) (see there for further descendants)

References edit

  1. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*gu̯erh₃-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 211-212
  2. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwerþra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 318
  3. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎[1], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 215
  4. ^ Demiraj, B. (1997) “ngrënë”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎[2] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 297
  5. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “gerti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172
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