Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/dáca

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian edit

**Proto-Iranian cardinal numbers**
< 9	10	11 >
Cardinal : *dáca

Etymology edit

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáća, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥.

Numeral edit

*dáca^[1]^[2]^[3]

ten

Descendants edit

Central Iranian:
- Avestan:
  Old Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬯𐬁 (dasā)
  
  Younger Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬯𐬀 (dasa)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian:
  - Old Ossetic: *δas^[4]
    - Ossetian: дӕс (dæs)
  - Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *dasa, *dasakam
    - Proto-Saka:
      - Khotanese: [script needed] (dasau), [script needed] (daso)
      - Tumshuqese: [script needed] (dase)
    - Wakhi: δas
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: λασο (laso /⁠las⁠/)
  - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (δy̆s)
  - Proto-Sogdic: [Term?] (*dasa)^[4]
    - Sogdian: (/⁠δəs/, /δəsá⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫔𐫘 (δs), 𐫔𐫘𐫀 (δsʾ)
      
      Sogdian script: 𐼹𐼼 (δs), 𐼹𐼼𐼰 (δsʾ), 𐼹𐼼𐼳 (δsh)
      
      Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (dsʾ)
    - Yagnobi: дас (das)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Ormuri-Parachi:
  - Ormuri: دس (das)
  - Parachi: dȫs, dōs
- Proto-Pathan: *δas^[5]
  - Pashto: لس (las, lës)
  - Waneci: [script needed] (las)
- Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
  - Ishkashimi: [script needed] (das), [script needed] (dos)
  - Sanglechi: [script needed] (dō̌s)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
  - Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
    - Munji: [script needed] (dā̌)
    - Yidgha: [script needed] (los)
    - Zebaki: [Term?] (dōs)
  - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
    - Proto-Shughni-Roshani:
      - Sarikoli: δes
      - Shughni: д̌ӣс (δīs), (Bartangi, Oroshori) д̌ус (δus), (Khufi, Roshani) д̌oс (δos)
    - Yazghulami: д̌йс (δys)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Caspian:
  - Gilaki: [script needed] (da), [script needed] (dah)
  - Mazanderani-Shahmirzadi:
    - Mazanderani: [Arabic needed] (da)
    - Shahmirzadi: [script needed] (das)
- Proto-Komisenian:
  - Lasgerdi: [script needed] (das)
  - Sangisari: [script needed] (das)
  - Sorkhei: [script needed] (dȧs)
- Parthian: 𐫅𐫘 (ds /⁠das⁠/)
- Semnani:
  Biyabanaki: [script needed] (dās)
  
  Semnani: [script needed] (das)
- Zaza-Gorani:
  - Gurani: دە (da)
  - Zazaki: des
Southwestern Iranian:
- Southwestern Fars: [script needed] (däh) (Burenjani, Papuni, Somghani), [script needed] (dā) (Masarmi)
- Larestani: [script needed] (dah)
- Southern Luri: [script needed] (dāh) (Mamasani)
- Old Persian: *daθa
  - Middle Persian: (/⁠dah⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫍 (dh)
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ASLYA)
    - Bakhtiari: [script needed] (dāh)
    - Classical Persian: ده (dah)
      Iranian Persian: ده (dah)
      Tajik: даҳ (dah)
      Tat: [script needed] (däh)
    - → Baluchi: [script needed] (dah), دہ (da)
    - Kurdish:
      → Northern Kurdish: deh
      → Central Kurdish: دە (de)
      → Southern Kurdish: دە (de)
      → Laki: دە (de)
    - → Middle Median: *dāh
      - Kermanic:
        Farizandi, Yarandi: dāh
        Kesehi, Mahallati, Qohrudi: deh
        Khunsari: dē
        Nayini: däh
        Vonishuni: de
        Zefrehi: dih
      - Sivandi: da
      - Tatic:
        Talysh: [script needed] (da)
        Tati:
        Southern Tati: da, dah
→ Proto-Permic: *das (see there for further descendants)
→ Hungarian: tíz

References edit

^ Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎^[1], Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 13
^ Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[2], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, pages 169-170
^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*daśa-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 375-378
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2016) Einführung ins Ostmitteliranische [Introduction to East-Central Iranian]‎^[3] (in German), Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
^ Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎^[4], Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN

[Cathcart-1] Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎^[1], Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 13

[2] Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[2], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, pages 169-170

[3] Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*daśa-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 375-378

[Kümmel-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2016) Einführung ins Ostmitteliranische [Introduction to East-Central Iranian]‎^[3] (in German), Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena

[5] Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎^[4], Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN

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