Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gadati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Disputed. Derksen lists three hypotheses:

• From an elongated ō-grade Proto-Indo-European *gʰōd-, from root *gʰed- (“to take, to hold, to find”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *getaną (“to get, to perceive, to acquire”) (the source of English get) and akin to ne-infix presents Ancient Greek χανδάνω (khandánō, “to contain”), Latin prehendō (“to seize, to take”). Favoured by Vasmer.
• Related to synonymous *gatati, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷet-, *gʷed- (“to say, to speak”). If so, then akin to Proto-Germanic *kweþaną (“to say”), Sanskrit गदति (gádati) (perhaps originating from a mixture of *gat- with वदति (vádati)). Supported by Berneker, Chernykh, Seebold, who also give as cognates Lithuanian godóti (“to honor, to respect, to think, to believe”), Latvian gãdât (“to take care, to look after”) (further related to Lithuanian godẽlė (“thought, guess”), gùosti (“to care”)).
• Possibly related to Proto-Slavic *goditi (“to please”), *gaďati (“to aim, to make relation”), Lithuanian guõdas (“worth, honour”), Latvian gadît (“to happen to find”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to suit, to join, to gather”). Favoured by Sławski, Zubatý.

Given Winter's law, the last option is phonetically most preferable.

Verb

*gādàti impf (perfective *ganǫti)

1. to guess, to conjecture

   Synonym: *gatati

2. to talk, to argue (Northern Slavic)

Inflection

Conjugation of *gadati, *gada, *gadajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*gadanьje	*gadati	*gadatъ	*gadalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*gadanъ	*gadajemъ
Active	*gadavъ	*gadaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gadaxъ	*gada	*gada	*gadajǫ	*gadaješi	*gadajetь
Dual	*gadaxově	*gadasta	*gadaste	*gadajevě	*gadajeta	*gadajete
Plural	*gadaxomъ	*gadaste	*gadašę	*gadajemъ	*gadajete	*gadajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gadaaxъ	*gadaaše	*gadaaše	—	*gadaji	*gadaji
Dual	*gadaaxově	*gadaašeta	*gadaašete	*gadajivě	*gadajita	—
Plural	*gadaaxomъ	*gadaašete	*gadaaxǫ	*gadajimъ	*gadajite	—

Derived terms

Verbs

• *orzgadati
• *otъgadati
• *zagadati

 

Nouns

• *gadateľь
• *gadъka
• *gasnь

 

Related terms

• *ganati (“to utter, to talk”)
• *gatati (“to guess”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: гадати (gadati)
    • Belarusian: гада́ць (hadácʹ)
    • Russian: гада́ть (gadátʹ)
    • Ukrainian: гада́ти (hadáty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: гадати (gadati)
  • Bulgarian: гада́я (gadája)
  • Macedonian: гада (gada)
  • Slovene: gádati (tonal orthography) (rare)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: hádat
  • Old Polish: gadać
    • Masurian: gádacz
    • Polish: gadać
    • Silesian: gŏdać
  • Slovak: hádať
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: gadac
    • Slovincian: gadac
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: gadaś

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “гада́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 175
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гада́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*gadati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 77
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “гадая”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 223
• “godoti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012