Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pora

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic edit

Etymology edit

Most likely related to Proto-Slavic *perti (“to push”), *poriti (“to propel, to propagate forward”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to fare, to come forth”). Synchronically, could be viewed as an action/resultant noun of *poriti +‎ *-a or possibly may reflect Proto-Indo-European *poréh₂, near cognate with Ancient Greek πόρος m (póros, “passage, ford, pore”).

Banaszkiewicz et al.^[1] suppose that *pora underlies the root of the names of Old Polabian dioskuric pair Perevitius and Porenutius, relating thier characters to the sky deity *Perunъ. The later either derives from aforementioned *per- or from *(s)perH- (“to trample, to clap”).

Szemerényi, waring that the term, just one of many terms for “time” in Slavic, however of a peculiar semantic orientation, is distributed in only the eastern half of the Slavic language group, suspects, underlining the match in stress, a borrowing from Ancient Greek φορά (phorá, “a carrying along, rush; workload; time, occasion”).^[2]

Noun edit

*porà f^[3]

(perhaps originally) thrust, push, force
(by extension) effort, endeavour, enterprise → workload
(abstract) time period, passage of time
Synonyms: *vermę, *časъ, *rokъ

Declension edit

Declension of *porà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*porà	*pȍrě	*pȍry
genitive	*porý	*porù	*pòrъ
dative	*porě̀	*poràma	*poràmъ
accusative	*pȍrǫ	*pȍrě	*pȍry
instrumental	*porojǫ́	*poràma	*poràmi
locative	*pȍrě	*porù	poràsъ, poràxъ^*
vocative	*poro	*pȍrě	*pȍry

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Derived terms edit

*porьnъ
- >? *sъporьnъ (“prolific, productive”) (alternatively reconstructed as *sporьnъ)

Related terms edit

*-porъ
- *naporъ (“push, charge”)
- *orzporъ (“disruption”)
- *otъporъ (“resistance”)
- *perporъ (“motion, propagation”)
- *sъporъ (“conflict”)
- *uporъ (“strike”)
- *zaporъ (“distraint”)

Descendants edit

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: пора (pora)
  - Belarusian: пара́ (pará)
  - Russian: пора́ (porá)
  - Ukrainian: пора́ (porá)
- → Lithuanian: parà (“24-hour interval”) (either from Russian or Belarusian)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: пора (pora, “force, vigour”)
- Bulgarian: по́ра (póra) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: пора (pora, “musical movement, tact”) (dialectal)
West Slavic:
- Polish: pora

References edit

^ Banaszkiewicz, Jacek (1996) “Pan Rugii - Rugiewit i jego towarzysze z Gardźca: Porewit i Porenut (Saxo Gramatyk, Gesta Danorum XIV, 39,38-41)”, in Kurnatowska, Zofia, editor, Słowiańszczyzna w Europie średniowiecznej, volume 1, Wrocław: WERK, →ISBN, pages 75–82
^ Szemerényi, Oswald (1967) “Славянская этимология на индоевропейском фоне”, in В. А. Меркулова, transl., Вопросы языкознания (in Russian), number 4, page 22
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “pora pory”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (godt) tidspunkt (PR 138)”

[1] Banaszkiewicz, Jacek (1996) “Pan Rugii - Rugiewit i jego towarzysze z Gardźca: Porewit i Porenut (Saxo Gramatyk, Gesta Danorum XIV, 39,38-41)”, in Kurnatowska, Zofia, editor, Słowiańszczyzna w Europie średniowiecznej, volume 1, Wrocław: WERK, →ISBN, pages 75–82

[2] Szemerényi, Oswald (1967) “Славянская этимология на индоевропейском фоне”, in В. А. Меркулова, transl., Вопросы языкознания (in Russian), number 4, page 22

[3] Olander, Thomas (2001) “pora pory”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (godt) tidspunkt (PR 138)”

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