Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/variti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wārīˀtei / *wōrīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *wōr- (“to burn”) (Černyx), *werH- (Snoj) or *werh₁- (Derksen). Cognate with Latvian vārīt.

Compare also Old Armenian վառել (vaṙel), English warm.

Verb

*varìti impf

1. to boil, cook

Conjugation

Accent paradigm c (b?).

Conjugation of *variti, *vari, *varitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*vařenьje	*variti	*varitъ	*varilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*vařenъ	*varimъ
Active	*vařь	*varę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*varixъ	*vari	*vari	*vařǫ	*variši	*varitь
Dual	*varixově	*varista	*variste	*varivě	*varita	*varite
Plural	*varixomъ	*variste	*varišę	*varimъ	*varite	*varętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*vařaaxъ	*vařaaše	*vařaaše	—	*vari	*vari
Dual	*vařaaxově	*vařaašeta	*vařaašete	*varivě	*varita	—
Plural	*vařaaxomъ	*vařaašete	*vařaaxǫ	*varimъ	*varite	—

Notes:
• (*)*varivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Conjugation of *variti, *vari, *varitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*vařenьje	*variti	*varitъ	*varilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*vařenъ	*varimъ
Active	*vařь	*varę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*varixъ	*vari	*vari	*vařǫ	*variši	*varitь
Dual	*varixově	*varista	*variste	*varivě	*varita	*varite
Plural	*varixomъ	*variste	*varišę	*varimъ	*varite	*varętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*vařaaxъ	*vařaaše	*vařaaše	—	*vari	*vari
Dual	*vařaaxově	*vařaašeta	*vařaašete	*varivě	*varita	—
Plural	*vařaaxomъ	*vařaašete	*vařaaxǫ	*varimъ	*varite	—

Notes:
• (*)*varivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

• *varъ (“lime, boiled liquid”)
• *vьrěti (“to boil”)
• *virъ (“whirlpool”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: варити (variti)
    • Belarusian: вары́ць (varýcʹ)
    • Russian: вари́ть (varítʹ)
    • Carpathian Rusyn: вари́ти (varýty)
    • Ukrainian: вари́ти (varýty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: варити (variti)

    Glagolitic script: ⰲⰰⱃⰹⱅⰹ (variti)

  • Bulgarian: варя́ (varjá)
  • Macedonian: вари (vari)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ва́рити

    Latin script: váriti

  • Slovene: varíti
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: vařiti
    • Czech: vařit
  • Old Polish: warzyć
    • Polish: warzyć
    • Silesian: warzić
  • Slovak: variť
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: warić
    • Lower Sorbian: wariś

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “вар”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “варить”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 134
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “варя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 122

Etymology 2

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover, to envelop”), cognate with Sanskrit वारयति (vārayati, “to conceal, to capture, to prohibit”) and akin to Lithuanian varýti (“to chase”), Sanskrit वरते (varate, “to surround, to keep back”), Proto-Germanic *warjaną (“to ward off, to defend”), Proto-Germanic *warōną (“to overwatch, to be aware of”).

Verb

*variti impf

1. to go ahead, to overtake, to take a lead
2. to accomplish, complete in time

Alternative forms

• *vařati (intensive)

Conjugation

Conjugation of *variti, *vari, *varitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*vařenьje	*variti	*varitъ	*varilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*vařenъ	*varimъ
Active	*vařь	*varę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*varixъ	*vari	*vari	*vařǫ	*variši	*varitь
Dual	*varixově	*varista	*variste	*varivě	*varita	*varite
Plural	*varixomъ	*variste	*varišę	*varimъ	*varite	*varętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*vařaaxъ	*vařaaše	*vařaaše	—	*vari	*vari
Dual	*vařaaxově	*vařaašeta	*vařaašete	*varivě	*varita	—
Plural	*vařaaxomъ	*vařaašete	*vařaaxǫ	*varimъ	*varite	—

Notes:
• (*)*varivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Derived terms

• *varъkъ (“fast, rushing”)
  • *varъkostь (“rushing, hurrying”)
• *pervara (“competition”)

Related terms

• *provoriti (“to multitask”)
  • *provorьnъ (“brisk, expeditious”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: варити (variti), варяти (varjati)
    • Russian: варять (varjatʹ), предвари́ть (predvarítʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: варити (variti, “to haste”), прѣдъварити (prědŭvariti, “to anticipate”)
  • Bulgarian: ва́ря (várja, “to compete”) (only reflexive), ва́ркам (várkam, “to haste, to rush”) (dialectal)
    • ⇒ Bulgarian: изпрева́ря (izprevárja), надпрева́ря (nadprevárja), сва́ря (svárja), зава́ря (zavárja, “to encounter”)
  • Macedonian: -вари (-vari)
    • Macedonian: превари (prevari, “to swindle”), завари (zavari, “to encounter”)
  • Serbo-Croatian:
    • Cyrillic script: ва̏рати (“to cheat, to swindle”), прѐварити (“to swindle”)
    • Latin script: vȁrati (“to cheat, to swindle”), prèvariti (“to swindle”)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: vařiti (dialectal)

Further reading

• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “варя се”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 121
• “varýti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012