Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-gan

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

preceding vowel
A / Ï / O / U	E / I / Ö / Ü
*-gan	*-gen

Etymology 1

Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *-gan, Proto-Tungusic *-kan.

Suffix

*-gan

1. Forms deverbal nouns and imperfective participle of verbs.

   ‎*seb- (“to love”) + ‎*-gan → ‎*sebgen (“(someone/something) who loves”)

   ‎*tabïĺ- (“to run”) + ‎*-gan → ‎*tabïĺgan (“(someone/something) who jumps; hare”)

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Volga Bulgar: -ان (-an/en)
    • Chuvash: -ан (-an), -ен (-en)
• Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: -an, -ən
    • Ottoman Turkish: ـان (-an), ـن (-en)
      • Turkish: -an, -en
      • Gagauz: -an, -en
  • Turkmen: -ýan, -ýän
  • Salar: -ğan, -gen
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (-ğan/gen)
    • Chagatai: [script needed] (-ğan/gen)
      • Uzbek: -gan
      • Uyghur: ـگان (-gan), ـگەن (-gen)
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: -ҡан (-qan), -кән (-kən), -ған (-ğan), -гән (-gən)
    • Tatar:
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar:
    • Kumyk:
    • Karachay-Balkar:
    • Karaim:
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Karakalpak:
      • Kazakh: -ған (-ğan), -ген (-gen)
      • Nogai:
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: -ган (-gan), -ген (-gen), -гон (-gon), -гөн (-gön)
      • Southern Altai: -ган (-gan), -ген (-gen), -гон (-gon), -гӧн (-gön)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰍𐰣 (-gan)

Etymology 2

Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *-gan, *-xan and *-gene, Proto-Tungusic *-kan.

Suffix

*-gan

1. Forms denominal nouns, usually used for animals and plants.

   ‎*baĺč (“head”) + ‎*-gan → ‎*baĺčgan (“a large fish”)

   ‎*čim (“grass”) + ‎*-gan → ‎*čimgen (“meadow”)

Derived terms

Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-gan

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages xliv and xlviii
• Erdal, Marcel (1991) Old Turkic Word Formation‎^[1], volume I, Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 85
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “+gAn”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “+gAn2”, in Nişanyan Sözlük