Egyptian
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Pronunciation
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m
- immoral act, wrongdoing, sin [since the Book of the Dead]
- ― jwtj btꜣ.f ― innocent (person), (person) with no sins
- ― jrt btꜣ r.sn ― to commit a sin against them
- ― btꜣ ꜥꜣ n m(w)t ― an evil deed deserving of death (literally, “evil deed great unto death”)
c. 1250 BCE,
Book of the Dead of Ani (British Museum EA10470) chapter 30B, speech of Thoth, column 6–7:
- nj gm.n.tw btꜣ.f nb
- No sin of his has been found.
- illegal act, crime
- harm, misfortune
Usage notes
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This word is commonly found with an attached suffix pronoun referring to the perpetrator of the wrong in question. In Late Egyptian it generally takes the article pꜣ.
Inflection
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Declension of btꜣ (masculine)
Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of btꜣ
3-lit.
- (intransitive, Late Egyptian) to do wrong, to sin, to be(come) guilty of evil deeds
m
- evildoer, wrongdoer, criminal [18th Dynasty]
Inflection
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Declension of btꜣ (masculine)
References
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- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 483–484.13
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 85