cerēt

See also ceret, and Ceret

Latvian

Etymology

Originally the iterative (durative) form of *cert, from Proto-Baltic *kerti, from Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“to cut; to strike”) (whence also cirst (“to cut, to chop; to strike, to beat”), q.v.). The semantic evolution went from “to make fire, to burn, to heat” (probably via “to strike (wood, metal, to make) fire;” see ceri (“heated stones for sauna, bath”), and also the cognate verb kurt (“to make fire”)) > “to feel, worry, think fierily, intensely” (probably also influenced by ķert (“to catch, to grasp”), another reflex of *ker-) > “to love” (a meaning still attested for cerēt in folklore), and also “to turn one's (full) attention to something” > “to hope (for something).” Note that derived verbs often conserve the older meaning of “thinking:” atcerēties (“to remember”), apcerēt (“to consider, to contemplate”), iecerēt (“to plan, to intend”), sacerēt (“to write, to compose”).

Pronunciation

• IPA: [tsɛɾɛ̂ːt]

Verb

cerēt tr. or intr., 3rd conj., pres. ceru, ceri, cer, past cerēju

1. to hope (to expect and wish for something to happen)

   cerēt uz laimi — to hope for happiness

   cerēt labāko — to hope for the best

   ceram drīz saņemt atbildi — we hope to receive a reply soon

   visi cerēja, ka laiks būs labs — all hoped that the weather would be good

   brauciens izdevies labāk, neka cerētsē — the trip was more successfull than (had been) hoped

   uz to nav ko cerēt — about that there is nothing to hope for

   daudz gaidīju, daudz cerēju, bet laime mani vīla — I waited long, I hoped much, but happiness deceived (= eluded) me

   es biju cerējis pavisam ko citu — I had hoped for something completely differet

2. to rely (on someone), to expect (e.g., help, from someone)

   jā, Andra tēvs stipri cerēja uz saviem “bagātiem radiem” — Yes, Andris' father strongly relied on, hoped for (help from) his “rich family”

Conjugation

conjugation of cerēt

	INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme)				IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme)
		Present (tagadne)	Past (pagātne)	Future (nākotne)
1st pers. sg.	es	ceru	cerēju	cerēšu	—
2nd pers. sg.	tu	ceri	cerēji	cerēsi	ceri
3rd pers. sg.	viņš, viņa	cer	cerēja	cerēs	lai cer
1st pers. pl.	mēs	ceram	cerējām	cerēsim	cerēsim
2nd pers. pl.	jūs	cerat	cerējāt	cerēsiet, cerēsit	ceriet
3rd pers. pl.	viņi, viņas	cer	cerēja	cerēs	lai cer
CONJUNCTIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme)			PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present	cerot		Present Active 1 (Adj.)		cerošs
Past	esot cerējis		Present Active 2 (Adv.)		cerēdams
Future	cerēšot		Present Active 3 (Adv.)		cerot
Imperative	lai cerot		Present Active 4 (Obj.)		ceram
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme)			Past Active		cerējis
Present	cerētu		Present Passive		cerams
Past	būtu cerējis		Past Passive		cerēts
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme)			NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative	(būt) jācer		Infinitive (nenoteiksme)		cerēt
Conjunctive 1	esot jācer		Negative Infinitive		necerēt
Conjunctive 2	jācerot		Verbal noun		cerēšana

Derived terms

atcerēties apcerēt cerēties

iecerēt sacerēt uzcerēt

Related terms

• cerības

References