docuirethar
Old Irish edit
Etymology edit
From to- + ·cuirethar, prototonic form of fo·ceird. The perfective forms are from to- + ro- + Proto-Celtic *layeti.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
do·cuirethar (verbal noun tochor or tochuiriud)
- to put, to place
- c. 760 Blathmac mac Con Brettan, published in "Blathmac's Stanzas 260-303 on Judgement Day" (2019; Celtica), edited and with translations by Siobhán Barrett and David Stifter, stanza 268
- Du·foícherr fora leth ndesa cháercha íarna nglanmes. [MS. Dṿfocerr fā leiṭ ndes acaorċa iar na nglainmẹṣ.]
- He will put, on his right side, his sheep after purely judging them.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 35d22
- Ní rádi ní trí thalmaidchi amal dund·chuirethar inna beulu acht as·rochoíli 7 im·rádi ɔdib sainemail na nní labrathar.
- He does not say anything in haste as he puts [his words] into his mouth, but instead he determines [what he is about to say] and thinks [before he speaks] so that anything he says is excellent.
- c. 700–800 Táin Bó Cúailnge, published in Táin Bó Cúailnge. Recension I (1976, Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Cecile O'Rahilly, TBC-I 1004
- Do·chorastár [sic] in glaiss for cúlu oss é cona liic fora thairr.
- The river turned [Úalu] onto his back so that he was with his stone on his belly.
- c. 808, Félire Oengusso, Prologue, lines 13-16; republished as Whitley Stokes, transl., Félire Óengusso Céli Dé: The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee, Harrison & Sons, 1905:
- Do rigrad no·molur, ol is tú mo ruiri, do·ralus ar m'airi gréschi occa nguidi.
- Your sg kings [glorious saints] who I praise, given that you are my sovereign [ruiri], I have borne in mind constancy in beseeching them.
- c. 760 Blathmac mac Con Brettan, published in "Blathmac's Stanzas 260-303 on Judgement Day" (2019; Celtica), edited and with translations by Siobhán Barrett and David Stifter, stanza 268
- to throw, to cast
- to invite
Inflection edit
This verb conjugated differently depending on the sense.
For meanings related to “put” or “throw”, this term was highly suppletive, with a perfective formation in underlying to- + ro- + ·lá and a future formation directly suppleted from fo·ceird. It was also defective, as personal conjugations outside of the third person were almost non-existent.
Complex, class A II present, s preterite, s future, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | du·cuiredar, do·cuirethar, do·corethar | do·cuiretar | do·focuirther, do·cuirither | |||||
| Prot. | ·tochar, ·tochuirther | ||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | do·corad | ·tochratis | ||||||
| Prot. | ·tachrad | ||||||||
| Preterite | Deut. | du·corastar, do·corastar | |||||||
| Prot. | ·tochrastar | ||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | do·ralus | dus·rale (with infixed pronoun s-) | do·ralad | *do·ralta | ||||
| Prot. | *·tarlus | *·tarlad | |||||||
| Future | Deut. | du·foícherr | |||||||
| Prot. | ·dichret | ||||||||
| Conditional | Deut. | do·fóichred | |||||||
| Prot. | ·toichred | ||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | do·corathar; to·rala (ro-form) | |||||||
| Prot. | ·drala (ro-form) | ·tochrathar; ·rathochra (late ro-form) | ·tarlam (ro-form) | ||||||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Imperative | tochre | ||||||||
| Verbal noun | tochor | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
On the other hand, when meaning “invite”, the verb was not defective and lacked suppletion. It also called for a different verbal noun, tochuiriud, instead of tochor.
Complex, class A II present, s preterite, f future, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | do·cuiriur | do·cuirethar | do·focuirther | |||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Preterite | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | do·rochurestar | do·rochuirsemmar | ||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Deut. | do·cuirifar | |||||||
| Prot. | ·tocuirfiter | ||||||||
| Conditional | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | ·tochuiribthe | ||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Imperative | tocuired | tocuirid | |||||||
| Verbal noun | tochuiriud | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Descendants edit
The descendants of this verb eventually lost all the original Old Irish senses, gaining a meaning "to happen", especially in the perfect. The original senses were taken over by Middle Irish cuirid.
Mutation edit
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| do·cuirethar | do·chuirethar | do·cuirethar pronounced with /-ɡ(ʲ)-/ |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading edit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “docuirethar”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language