fofera
Old Irish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
fo·fera (prototonic ·furea, verbal noun fuar)
- to prepare, to provide
- to cause, to produce, bring about
- Synonyms: ar·áili, do·áirci, im·folngai
For quotations using this term, see Citations:fofera.
Usage notes edit
Relative forms of this verb often takes the infixed direct object pronoun d- (“it”) in an anticipatory function when the direct object is explicit,[1] for example:
- is ed in sin fod·era in n‑erigim ― that is what causes the complaint (literally, “that is what causes it the complaint”)
Note that d- in the above example does not actually agree with erigem (“complaint”), as the pronoun is masculine or neuter but the noun is feminine.
Inflection edit
Complex, class A I present, s preterite, f future, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | fu·firim | fo·ferai | fo·fera; fod·era, fudd·era, fot·era (with infixed pronoun d-) | fa·eram (with infixed pronoun a-) | fo·ferthar | |||
| Prot. | ·foíret | ||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Preterite | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | fo·ruar | fo·roired | ||||||
| Prot. | ·foruireth | ||||||||
| Future | Deut. | fo·irfea | fom·firfider (with infixed pronoun m-) | ||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Conditional | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | ·furea | ||||||||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | fu·erad | |||||||
| Prot. | ·foírin | ·foíred | |||||||
| Imperative | foíred | ||||||||
| Verbal noun | fuar | ||||||||
| Past participle | foiride | ||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Descendants edit
- Irish: faoi deara (from infixed fod·era, rebracketed as fo dera)
Mutation edit
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| fo·fera | fo·ḟera | fo·fera pronounced with /-v(ʲ)-/ |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References edit
- ^ Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 146
Further reading edit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “fofera”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 518