kel
Cypriot Arabic edit
Root |
---|
'-k-l |
4 terms |
Etymology edit
Inherited from Arabic أَكَلَ (ʔakala).
Verb edit
References edit
- Borg, Alexander (2004) A Comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic–English) (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.70), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 142
Czech edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old Czech kel, from Proto-Slavic *kъlъ.
Noun edit
kel m inan
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
Related to older klí (“embryo, germ”).
Noun edit
kel m inan or f
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- kel in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- kel in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
- kel in Internetová jazyková příručka
- František Št. Kott (1878) “kel”, in Česko-německý slovník zvláště grammaticko-fraseologický (in Czech), Prague: Josef Kolář, page 684
Danish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kel c (singular definite kelen, plural indefinite kele)
Inflection edit
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Ugric *kälä-, possibly derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kälä- (“to ford”).[1] Akin to Northern Mansi ква̄луӈкве (kwāluňkwe, “to rise”).
Alternative forms edit
Verb edit
kel
- (obsolete) come and go, get about (to transport oneself from place to place)[2]
- (intransitive) to get up, rise (from sleep; occasionally more broadly from a lying or sitting position)
- (intransitive, of the sun or moon) to rise
- Synonym: felkel
- (intransitive, of a seedling) to sprout, shoot, bud, germinate
- (intransitive, of a young bird or insect) to hatch (to be hatched)
- (intransitive, cooking, of dough) to rise
- (intransitive, figuratively, in expressions) to start, set off, take off
- (intransitive, figuratively, archaic or poetic) to rise, arise (chiefly of emotions, their outward expressions, or natural forces like wind)
- Synonyms: keletkezik, kezdődik, támad
- (intransitive, marketing, chiefly after adverbs) to be sought-after, in demand
- (intransitive, of a piece of writing) to be dated (only in the past tense)
Conjugation edit
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | kelek | kelsz | kel | kelünk | keltek | kelnek | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | keltem | keltél | kelt | keltünk | keltetek | keltek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. kelni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | kelék | kelél | kele | kelénk | kelétek | kelének | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. kel vala, kelt vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | kelendek | kelendesz | kelend | kelendünk | kelendetek | kelendenek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | kelnék | kelnél | kelne | kelnénk | kelnétek | kelnének | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. kelt volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | keljek | kelj or keljél |
keljen | keljünk | keljetek | keljenek | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. kelt légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | kelni | kelnem | kelned | kelnie | kelnünk | kelnetek | kelniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
kelés | kelő | kelt | ― | kelve (kelvén) | |||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | kelhetek | kelhetsz | kelhet | kelhetünk | kelhettek | kelhetnek | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | kelhettem | kelhettél | kelhetett | kelhettünk | kelhettetek | kelhettek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | kelheték | kelhetél | kelhete | kelheténk | kelhetétek | kelhetének | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. kelhet vala, kelhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | kelhetendek or kelandhatok |
kelhetendesz or kelandhatsz |
kelhetend or kelandhat |
kelhetendünk or kelandhatunk |
kelhetendetek or kelandhattok |
kelhetendenek or kelandhatnak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | kelhetnék | kelhetnél | kelhetne | kelhetnénk | kelhetnétek | kelhetnének | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. kelhetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | kelhessek | kelhess or kelhessél |
kelhessen | kelhessünk | kelhessetek | kelhessenek | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. kelhetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (kelhetni) | (kelhetnem) | (kelhetned) | (kelhetnie) | (kelhetnünk) | (kelhetnetek) | (kelhetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (kelhetve / kelhetvén) | ||||
Derived terms edit
(With verbal prefixes):
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Bavarian Keel (“Savoy cabbage”), from Latin caulis (“stem, stalk, cabbage”).
Noun edit
kel (plural kelek)
- Savoy cabbage
- Synonym: kelkáposzta
- (in phrases and compounds) a type of Brassica (cabbage and similar plants), including kale, cauliflower, napa cabbage, and Brussels sprout
- Hyponyms: fodros kel, kínai kel
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | kel | kelek |
accusative | kelt | keleket |
dative | kelnek | keleknek |
instrumental | kellel | kelekkel |
causal-final | kelért | kelekért |
translative | kellé | kelekké |
terminative | kelig | kelekig |
essive-formal | kelként | kelekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | kelben | kelekben |
superessive | kelen | keleken |
adessive | kelnél | keleknél |
illative | kelbe | kelekbe |
sublative | kelre | kelekre |
allative | kelhez | kelekhez |
elative | kelből | kelekből |
delative | kelről | kelekről |
ablative | keltől | kelektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
kelé | keleké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
keléi | kelekéi |
Possessive forms of kel | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | kelem | keljeim |
2nd person sing. | keled | keljeid |
3rd person sing. | kelje | keljei |
1st person plural | kelünk | keljeink |
2nd person plural | keletek | keljeitek |
3rd person plural | keljük | keljeik |
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ Entry #259 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ kel in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading edit
- (to get up, to rise): kel in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (Savoy cabbage): kel in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Kabuverdianu edit
Etymology edit
From Portuguese aquilo.
Pronoun edit
kel
Northern Kurdish edit
Noun edit
kel ?
Old Czech edit
Alternative forms edit
- keł (alternative writing)
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъlъ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kel m inan
Declension edit
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | kel | kly | kli, klové |
genitive | kla, klu | klú | klóv |
dative | klu | kloma | klóm |
accusative | kel | kly | kly |
vocative | kle | kly | kli, klové |
locative | kle, klu | klú | kléch |
instrumental | klem | kloma | kly |
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Descendants edit
- Czech: kel
Further reading edit
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “kel”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old French edit
Contraction edit
kel
Slovak edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Bavarian Keel (“Savoy cabbage”), from Latin caulis (“stem, stalk, cabbage”).
Noun edit
kel m inan (genitive singular kelu, nominative plural kely, genitive plural kelov, declension pattern of dub)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъlъ.
Noun edit
kel m inan (genitive singular kla, nominative plural kly, genitive plural klov, declension pattern of dub)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “kel”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Sranan Tongo edit
Noun edit
kel
- guy, dude
- c. 1950, Sophie Redmond, “Datra Papa [A doctor's father]”, in Thea Doelwijt, editor, Kri, kra! Proza van Suriname [Kri, kra! Prose from Suriname][1], Paramaribo: Bureau Volkslectuur, published 1972, page 115:
- Nana: Misi libi mi nanga tori foe Frits p'pa; efi mi prakseri fa mi lasi na beste ten foe mi libi, nanga na kel.
- Nana: Madam, let me be with the matter of Frits's dad. If I just think about how I waisted the best years of my life with that guy...
- 1985, Paul Marlee, Proefkonijn[2], Paramaribo: Uitgeverij De Volksboekwinkel, →ISBN, page 99:
- ‘Blub, hik, sorry man, ei Arnie, pe y' ben de yongu, m' e suk' i no moer man; pe a meid Sastro de man, mi lob' a sma, yongu, wan f' den kel go vandoor nang' a sma k'ba natuurlijk. (...)’
- 'Glub, hiccup, sorry, man, hey Arnie, where have you been, man, I've been looking all over for you; where's that girl Sastro, man, I love that girl, man, one of the guys already went off with her, obviously. (...)'
Descendants edit
- → Dutch: kill
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
kel n
Declension edit
Declension of kel | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Uncountable | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | |||
Nominative | kel | kelet | — | — |
Genitive | kels | kelets | — | — |
References edit
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
From Ottoman Turkish كل (kel, “bald”), from Persian کل (kal, “bald”). Cognate to kelle (“head”) and ultimately to Latin calvus (“bald”), Old English calu (“bald”).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
kel
Declension edit
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | kel | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | keli | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | kel | keller | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | keli | kelleri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | kele | kellere | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | kelde | kellerde | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | kelden | kellerden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | kelin | kellerin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Synonyms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Romanian: chel
Volapük edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French lequel (“which”).
Pronoun edit
kel
Declension edit
- Note: This word is declined to match the function it plays in its subordinate clause, not to match the declension of the noun it modifies.
Wolof edit
Noun edit
kel (definite form kel gi)
Yetfa edit
Noun edit
kel
References edit
- Cornelis L. Voorhoeve, Languages of Irian Jaya Checklist (1975, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics), page 122
Zou edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *keel, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *keel.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kèl
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *kal, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-la. Cognates include Khumi Chin ämäkei and Mizo kal.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kel
Etymology 3 edit
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *kaal.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
kel
- (transitive) to climb
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, pages 40, 46, 81