lietus
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
From the same stem as Latvian liet (“to pour”) and līt (“to flow, to stream, to rain”) (q.v.), made into a masculine third declension noun (with ending -us);[1] from Proto-Balto-Slavic *l(e/o)ʔi-,[2] ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *ley- (“to flow, pour, stream; to glide, slip, be slippery”). Cognates include Lithuanian lietùs (“rain”), lytùs, líeti (“to pour”), laĩvas (“ship”), and likely the names of Latvia[3] and Lithuania.[4] More distantly related are Old Church Slavonic лити (liti, “to pour”) (< Proto-Slavic *lìti), Albanian lisë (“I pour”), Proto-Germanic *līþu (“cider ~ liquor”), Ancient Greek ἄλεισον (áleison, “wine container”) and (perhaps) λάταξ (látax, “drop”), Old Irish laith (“liquid; ale, liquor”) (< Proto-Celtic *lati-), and Latin litus (“shore, beach”).
Pronunciation edit
| (file) |
Noun edit
lietus m (3rd declension)
- rain, shower; rainwater
- pavasara lietus ― spring rain, shower
- garie rudens lietus ― long autumn rain
- spēcīgs lietus ― heavy rain
- īslaicīgs lietus ― short-term rain
- lietus bungo pa jumtu ― the rain is drumming on the roof
- lietus līst ― it (lit. rain) is raining
- lietus līņā, smidzina ― it (lit. rain) is drizzling
- lietus ūdens ― rainwater
- lietus lāses ― raindrops
- lietus pil no jumta ― the rain(water) is dripping from the roof
- lietus mākoņi ― rain clouds
- lietus mētelis, lietusmētelis ― rain coat
- caur pelēcīgo lietus plīvuru parādās kravas automobilis ― through the grayish veil of rain a truck (lit. cargo automobile) appeared
- viņi bija lietū ieecējuši auzas ― they had began to harrow the oats in the rain (= while it was raining)
- (in the plural) rains, rainy period
- pēc lielajiem lietiem sākās labības pļauja ― after the big rains began the cereal harvest
- (figuratively) rain (a rain-like group of small moving objects; a large number of similar things)
- zvaigžņu lietus ― star rain (= meteor shower)
- dzirksteļu lietus ― spark rain (= many sparks)
- ložu lietus ― bullet rain (e.g., from a machine gun)
- priedēs iespurdz vējš, un uz ceļa nolīst ziedputekšņu lietus ― the wind began to flutter in the pine trees, and a rain of pollen fell (lit. rained) on the road
Declension edit
| singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (nominatīvs) | lietus | lieti |
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | lietu | lietus |
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | lietus | lietu |
| dative (datīvs) | lietum | lietiem |
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | lietu | lietiem |
| locative (lokatīvs) | lietū | lietos |
| vocative (vokatīvs) | lietus | lieti |
Synonyms edit
- (of "rainy period"): lietavas
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “lietus”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “latvietis”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “lietuvieši”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Lithuanian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *leitus, from Proto-Indo-European *ley-, *lī- (“to pour, to flow, to drip”).[1][2][3]
Pronunciation 1 edit
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Noun edit
lietùs m (plural líetūs) stress pattern 3
Declension edit
| singular (vienaskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (vardininkas) | lietùs | líetūs |
| genitive (kilmininkas) | lietaũs | lietų̃ |
| dative (naudininkas) | líetui | lietùms |
| accusative (galininkas) | líetų | líetus |
| instrumental (įnagininkas) | lietumì | lietumìs |
| locative (vietininkas) | lietujè | lietuosè |
| vocative (šauksmininkas) | lietaũ | líetūs |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Pronunciation 2 edit
Noun edit
líetus m pl
- accusative plural of lietus
References edit
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “lietus”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 285
- ^ “lietùs” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–); p. 672 in ALEW 1.1 (online, 2019).
- ^ “lietus”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
Further reading edit
- “lietus”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2024
- “lietus”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2024