muru
English edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Maori.
Noun edit
muru
- (New Zealand) An act of retaliatory theft among the Maori.
See also edit
Anagrams edit
Darkinjung edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
muru
Dharug edit
Noun edit
muru
Estonian edit
Etymology edit
Possibly from Proto-Finnic *muro, compare dialectal Finnish muro (“chickweed”), Võro muro, moro.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
muru (genitive muru, partitive muru)
Declension edit
Declension of muru (ÕS type 17/elu, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | muru | murud | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | muru | ||
genitive | murude | ||
partitive | muru | murusid | |
illative | murru murusse |
murudesse | |
inessive | murus | murudes | |
elative | murust | murudest | |
allative | murule | murudele | |
adessive | murul | murudel | |
ablative | murult | murudelt | |
translative | muruks | murudeks | |
terminative | muruni | murudeni | |
essive | muruna | murudena | |
abessive | muruta | murudeta | |
comitative | muruga | murudega |
Further reading edit
- “muru”, in [PSV] Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
- “muru”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
- “muru”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
- muru in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
Fala edit
Etymology edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese muro, from Latin murus, from Latin *moerus, *moiros, from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to fix, to build fortifications or fences, strengthen”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
muru m (plural murus)
References edit
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *muru. Equivalent to mur- + -u, from the same root as murea and murtaa.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
muru
- crumb
- (colloquial) honey (term of affection)
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:kultanen
Declension edit
Inflection of muru (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | muru | murut | ||
genitive | murun | murujen | ||
partitive | murua | muruja | ||
illative | muruun | muruihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | muru | murut | ||
accusative | nom. | muru | murut | |
gen. | murun | |||
genitive | murun | murujen | ||
partitive | murua | muruja | ||
inessive | murussa | muruissa | ||
elative | murusta | muruista | ||
illative | muruun | muruihin | ||
adessive | murulla | muruilla | ||
ablative | murulta | muruilta | ||
allative | murulle | muruille | ||
essive | muruna | muruina | ||
translative | muruksi | muruiksi | ||
abessive | murutta | muruitta | ||
instructive | — | muruin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “muru”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Gamilaraay edit
Noun edit
muru
Ingrian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *muru, equivalent to murtaa (“to break”) + -u. Cognates include Finnish muru and Estonian muru.
Pronunciation edit
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈmuru/, [ˈmuru]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈmuru/, [ˈmuru]
- Rhymes: -uru
- Hyphenation: mu‧ru
Noun edit
muru
- crumb
- 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 10:
- Noistii joka päivä viskoima[a] lavvan päälle muruja, kovasija ja jyvijä.
- They began to throw crumbs, crusts and grain onto the board every day.
- tyurya (soup consisting of bread crumbs in milk)
Declension edit
Declension of muru (type 4/koivu, no gradation, gemination) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | muru | murut |
genitive | murun | murruin, muruloin |
partitive | murrua | muruja, muruloja |
illative | murruu | murrui, muruloihe |
inessive | murus | muruis, murulois |
elative | murust | muruist, muruloist |
allative | murulle | muruille, muruloille |
adessive | murul | muruil, muruloil |
ablative | murult | muruilt, muruloilt |
translative | muruks | muruiks, muruloiks |
essive | murunna, murruun | muruinna, muruloinna, murruin, muruloin |
exessive1) | murunt | muruint, muruloint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Synonyms edit
References edit
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 320
Karelian edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
muru (genitive [please provide], partitive [please provide])
Declension edit
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Michoacán Mazahua edit
Noun edit
muru
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Metaphony of Old Norse mǫru, oblique singular forms of mara. Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *marǭ, whence also modern English mare (“evil spirit”).
Noun edit
muru f (definite singular murua or (defunct) muro, indefinite plural murur, definite plural murune)
- (dialectal or nonstandard since 1917) alternative form of mare (“evil spirit”)
- 1954, Lars M. Fjellstad, “Murua”, in Haugfolk og trollskap, page 18:
- Murua var atterganger etter ugifte kvinnfolk som ikkje hadde hatt mann, sa dei gamle[.]
- The mare[s were] the ghost[s] of unmarried womenfolk which never had had a man, said the old ones.
- 1918, Gamalt fraa Numedal, volume 3, Gunleikson, page 24:
- Krøteri var ute for muro, dei med.
- Even the cattle were exposed to the mare-wight.
Usage notes edit
- This form was the standard form allowed under the scarcely used Midlandsnormalen of 1901, alongside maru. It had the inflected forms muro, murur and murune, in the definite singular, indefinite plural and definite plural respectively. These forms faded into oblivion and were definitely defunct by the spelling reform of 1917.
Polish edit
Etymology edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
muru m inan
Sardinian edit
Etymology edit
From Latin mūrus. Compare Italian muro.
Noun edit
muru
Sicilian edit
Etymology edit
From Latin mūrus. Compare Italian muro.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Veps edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *muru.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
muru
Inflection edit
Inflection of muru (inflection type 1/ilo) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | muru | ||
genitive sing. | murun | ||
partitive sing. | murud | ||
partitive plur. | muruid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | muru | murud | |
accusative | murun | murud | |
genitive | murun | muruiden | |
partitive | murud | muruid | |
essive-instructive | murun | muruin | |
translative | muruks | muruikš | |
inessive | murus | muruiš | |
elative | muruspäi | muruišpäi | |
illative | muruhu | muruihe | |
adessive | murul | muruil | |
ablative | murulpäi | muruilpäi | |
allative | murule | muruile | |
abessive | muruta | muruita | |
comitative | murunke | muruidenke | |
prolative | murudme | muruidme | |
approximative I | murunno | muruidenno | |
approximative II | murunnoks | muruidennoks | |
egressive | murunnopäi | muruidennopäi | |
terminative I | muruhusai | muruihesai | |
terminative II | murulesai | muruilesai | |
terminative III | murussai | — | |
additive I | muruhupäi | muruihepäi | |
additive II | murulepäi | muruilepäi |
References edit
Votic edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *muru.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
muru
- small piece, bit, morsel
- crumb
- sop, milksop (bread sopped in water or milk)
- (figuratively) (not) one bit
Inflection edit
Declension of muru (type II/võrkko, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | muru | murud |
genitive | muru | murujõ, murui |
partitive | murrua | muruitõ, murui |
illative | murrusõ, murru | muruisõ |
inessive | muruz | muruiz |
elative | murussõ | muruissõ |
allative | murulõ | muruilõ |
adessive | murullõ | muruillõ |
ablative | murultõ | muruiltõ |
translative | murussi | muruissi |
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. |
References edit
- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “muru”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
Yagara edit
Noun edit
muru
- Alternative form of muro.
References edit
- State Library of Queensland, Indigenous Language Wordlists Yugarabul Body Parts.