pļaut
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
From earlier *pjaut (for another example of *pj > pļ, see spļaut, from Proto-Baltic *pyau-, *pyū- (with the infinitive suffix -ti), from Proto-Indo-European *pēu-, *pyu-, *pū- (“to hit; to cut”). Cognates include Lithuanian pjauti (“to cut,” dialectally “to mow, to bite, to torment”), Old Prussian placename Gertepeawne [gertopiaun-], from gerto (“chicken”), i.e. “chicken meadow”, piuclan (“sickle”), Sudovian piaud (“to cut”), Ancient Greek παίω (paíō, “I hit, strike”), dialectal παυίω (pauíō), Latin paviō (“I hit, strike”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
pļaut (transitive, 1st conjugation, present pļauju, pļauj, pļauj, past pļāvu)
- to mow, to reap (to cut, with a scythe or sickle, the parts above-ground part of grass, cereals, etc.)
- pļaut zāli, sienu, kviešus ― to mow grass, hay, wheat
- pļaut kartupeļu lakstus ― to mow potato tops
- rudzus sāka pļaut tuvākajā laukā ― they began reaping rye in the nearby field
- pļaujošs lidojums ― mowing flight (very low flight, 10-100 meters from the ground)
- viņš pļāva sparīgi... pirmie sviedri izsitās uz pieres ― he reaped vigorously... the first sweat appeared on his forehead
- nu tā pļava ir nost un pļauta ― this meadow is now completely mown
- (figuratively) to shoot intensively, repeatedly
- mūsu lielgabali atklāj pļaujošu uguni pa visu kolonnu ― our guns opened intensive (lit. mowing, reaping) fire on the entire (military) column
- ložmetējs pie mājas stūra atsācis šaut, tam pievienojās vēl otrs, vēl pāris rokas ložmetēju, un visi kopā tie pļāva tā, ka vācieši vairs neuzdrīkstējās ne galvu pacelt ― the machine gun at the corner of the building started shooting, a second one joined it, then a few more machine guns, all together they mowed, reaped in such a way that the Germans no longer even dared raise their heads
Conjugation edit
conjugation of pļaut
| INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
| 1st pers. sg. | es | pļauju | pļāvu | pļaušu | — |
| 2nd pers. sg. | tu | pļauj | pļāvi | pļausi | pļauj |
| 3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | pļauj | pļāva | pļaus | lai pļauj |
| 1st pers. pl. | mēs | pļaujam | pļāvām | pļausim | pļausim |
| 2nd pers. pl. | jūs | pļaujat | pļāvāt | pļausiet, pļausit |
pļaujiet |
| 3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | pļauj | pļāva | pļaus | lai pļauj |
| RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
| Present | pļaujot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | pļaujošs | ||
| Past | esot pļāvis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | pļaudams | ||
| Future | pļaušot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | pļaujot | ||
| Imperative | lai pļaujot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | pļaujam | ||
| CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | pļāvis | |||
| Present | pļautu | Present Passive | pļaujams | ||
| Past | būtu pļāvis | Past Passive | pļauts | ||
| DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
| Indicative | (būt) jāpļauj | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | pļaut | ||
| Conjunctive 1 | esot jāpļauj | Negative Infinitive | nepļaut | ||
| Conjunctive 2 | jāpļaujot | Verbal noun | pļaušana | ||
Derived terms edit
- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
Related terms edit
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “pļaut”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN