Etymology
edit
From Proto-Italic *petkāō, from Proto-Indo-European verbal root *ped- (“to walk, fall, stumble”); see *pṓds (the same source as Hittite [script needed] (pata), Latin pēs, pedis, Tocharian A pe, Tocharian B paiyye, Lithuanian pāda (“sole (foot)”), Russian под (pod, “ground”), Ancient Greek πούς, ποδός (poús, podós), Albanian poshtë (“down, downwards”), Old Armenian ոտն (otn), Sanskrit पद् (pád)).[1]
Pronunciation
edit
peccō (present infinitive peccāre, perfect active peccāvī, supine peccātum); first conjugation
- to sin, transgress
- Synonyms: violō, dēlinquō
- saepe magnōque cum gaudiō peccō ― I often sin, and with great joy
- to offend
Conjugation
edit
Conjugation of peccō (first conjugation)
|
indicative
|
singular
|
plural
|
first
|
second
|
third
|
first
|
second
|
third
|
active
|
present
|
peccō
|
peccās
|
peccat
|
peccāmus
|
peccātis
|
peccant
|
imperfect
|
peccābam
|
peccābās
|
peccābat
|
peccābāmus
|
peccābātis
|
peccābant
|
future
|
peccābō
|
peccābis
|
peccābit
|
peccābimus
|
peccābitis
|
peccābunt
|
perfect
|
peccāvī
|
peccāvistī, peccāstī2
|
peccāvit, peccāt2
|
peccāvimus, peccāmus2
|
peccāvistis, peccāstis2
|
peccāvērunt, peccāvēre, peccārunt2
|
pluperfect
|
peccāveram, peccāram2
|
peccāverās, peccārās2
|
peccāverat, peccārat2
|
peccāverāmus, peccārāmus2
|
peccāverātis, peccārātis2
|
peccāverant, peccārant2
|
future perfect
|
peccāverō, peccārō2
|
peccāveris, peccāris2
|
peccāverit, peccārit2
|
peccāverimus, peccārimus2
|
peccāveritis, peccāritis2
|
peccāverint, peccārint2
|
sigmatic future1
|
peccāssō
|
peccāssis
|
peccāssit
|
peccāssimus
|
peccāssitis
|
peccāssint
|
passive
|
present
|
peccor
|
peccāris, peccāre
|
peccātur
|
peccāmur
|
peccāminī
|
peccantur
|
imperfect
|
peccābar
|
peccābāris, peccābāre
|
peccābātur
|
peccābāmur
|
peccābāminī
|
peccābantur
|
future
|
peccābor
|
peccāberis, peccābere
|
peccābitur
|
peccābimur
|
peccābiminī
|
peccābuntur
|
perfect
|
peccātus + present active indicative of sum
|
pluperfect
|
peccātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
|
future perfect
|
peccātus + future active indicative of sum
|
subjunctive
|
singular
|
plural
|
first
|
second
|
third
|
first
|
second
|
third
|
active
|
present
|
peccem
|
peccēs
|
peccet
|
peccēmus
|
peccētis
|
peccent
|
imperfect
|
peccārem
|
peccārēs
|
peccāret
|
peccārēmus
|
peccārētis
|
peccārent
|
perfect
|
peccāverim, peccārim2
|
peccāverīs, peccārīs2
|
peccāverit, peccārit2
|
peccāverīmus, peccārīmus2
|
peccāverītis, peccārītis2
|
peccāverint, peccārint2
|
pluperfect
|
peccāvissem, peccāssem2
|
peccāvissēs, peccāssēs2
|
peccāvisset, peccāsset2
|
peccāvissēmus, peccāssēmus2
|
peccāvissētis, peccāssētis2
|
peccāvissent, peccāssent2
|
sigmatic aorist1
|
peccāssim
|
peccāssīs
|
peccāssīt
|
peccāssīmus
|
peccāssītis
|
peccāssint
|
passive
|
present
|
peccer
|
peccēris, peccēre
|
peccētur
|
peccēmur
|
peccēminī
|
peccentur
|
imperfect
|
peccārer
|
peccārēris, peccārēre
|
peccārētur
|
peccārēmur
|
peccārēminī
|
peccārentur
|
perfect
|
peccātus + present active subjunctive of sum
|
pluperfect
|
peccātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
|
imperative
|
singular
|
plural
|
first
|
second
|
third
|
first
|
second
|
third
|
active
|
present
|
—
|
peccā
|
—
|
—
|
peccāte
|
—
|
future
|
—
|
peccātō
|
peccātō
|
—
|
peccātōte
|
peccantō
|
passive
|
present
|
—
|
peccāre
|
—
|
—
|
peccāminī
|
—
|
future
|
—
|
peccātor
|
peccātor
|
—
|
—
|
peccantor
|
non-finite forms
|
active
|
passive
|
present
|
perfect
|
future
|
present
|
perfect
|
future
|
infinitives
|
peccāre
|
peccāvisse, peccāsse2
|
peccātūrum esse
|
peccārī
|
peccātum esse
|
peccātum īrī
|
participles
|
peccāns
|
—
|
peccātūrus
|
—
|
peccātus
|
peccandus
|
verbal nouns
|
gerund
|
supine
|
genitive
|
dative
|
accusative
|
ablative
|
accusative
|
ablative
|
peccandī
|
peccandō
|
peccandum
|
peccandō
|
peccātum
|
peccātū
|
1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").
2At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.
Related terms
edit
Descendants
edit
References
edit
- “pecco”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “pecco”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- pecco in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- he has made several mistakes: saepe (crebro, multa) peccavit, erravit, lapsus est
- ^ Ramat, The Indo-European languages
Portuguese
edit