trafferthu
Welsh edit
Etymology edit
From trafferth (“trouble, bother”) + -u.
Pronunciation edit
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /traˈfɛrθɨ/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /traˈfɛrθi/
Verb edit
trafferthu (first-person singular present trafferthaf)
- (intransitive) to cause trouble, to cause bother
- (intransitive) to bother, to go to the trouble, to make an effort
- Synonym: ymdrafferthu
Conjugation edit
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | trafferthaf | trafferthi | traffertha | trafferthwn | trafferthwch | trafferthant | trafferthir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
trafferthwn | trafferthit | trafferthai | trafferthem | trafferthech | trafferthent | trafferthid | |
| preterite | trafferthais | trafferthaist | trafferthodd | trafferthasom | trafferthasoch | trafferthasant | trafferthwyd | |
| pluperfect | trafferthaswn | trafferthasit | trafferthasai | trafferthasem | trafferthasech | trafferthasent | trafferthasid, trafferthesid | |
| present subjunctive | trafferthwyf | trafferthych | traffertho | trafferthom | trafferthoch | trafferthont | trafferther | |
| imperative | — | traffertha | trafferthed | trafferthwn | trafferthwch | trafferthent | trafferther | |
| verbal noun | trafferthu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | trafferthedig trafferthadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | traffertha i, trafferthaf i | trafferthi di | trafferthith o/e/hi, trafferthiff e/hi | trafferthwn ni | trafferthwch chi | trafferthan nhw |
| conditional | trafferthwn i, trafferthswn i | trafferthet ti, trafferthset ti | trafferthai fo/fe/hi, trafferthsai fo/fe/hi | trafferthen ni, trafferthsen ni | trafferthech chi, trafferthsech chi | trafferthen nhw, trafferthsen nhw |
| preterite | trafferthais i, trafferthes i | trafferthaist ti, trafferthest ti | trafferthodd o/e/hi | trafferthon ni | trafferthoch chi | trafferthon nhw |
| imperative | — | traffertha | — | — | trafferthwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms edit
- ymdrafferthu (“to bother, to go to the trouble”)
Mutation edit
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| trafferthu | drafferthu | nhrafferthu | thrafferthu |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading edit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “trafferthu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies