um-
English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English um-, umbe-, embe-, from Old English ymb-, ymbe- (“around”), from Proto-West Germanic *umbi-, from Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around, about, by, near”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“round about, around”). Cognate with Dutch om- (“around”), German um- (“around”), Latin amb- (“around, about”), Latin ambi- (“both”), Ancient Greek ἀμφί (amphí, “around, about”), Sanskrit अभि (abhi, “against, about”). More at umbe.
Prefix edit
um-
- (rare, usually no longer productive, primarily in dialects, chiefly Scotland) Prefix meaning around, about.
Derived terms edit
Anagrams edit
Faroese edit
Etymology edit
From the preposition um.
Prefix edit
um-
Derived terms edit
German edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German um-, umb-, umme-, umbe-, from Old High German umbi- (“around”), from Proto-West Germanic *umbi-, from Proto-Germanic *umbi- (“around”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“by, near, around”). Cognate with English um-, Dutch om-, Swedish om-, Icelandic um-.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
um- (separable or inseparable)
- round, round about
- repeatedly, over again, re-
- in another way
- to the ground, down, over
Usage notes edit
When this prefix is separable, the stress falls on the prefix: ˈumbiegen, ˈumbilden, ˈumdeuten, ˈumbenennen. When inseparable, the stress falls on the root: umˈflattern, umˈfluten, umˈgaukeln, umˈmauern, umˈgeben. The prefix is only unstressed/inseparable when referring to the first meaning. Sometimes this creates contrasting words with opposite meaning, only distinguished in stress and therefore undistinguishable in writing, e.g. umˈfahren (“drive around something”), ˈumfahren (“drive something over”).
Derived terms edit
- umarbeiten
- umarmen
- umbiegen
- umbilden
- umbringen
- umdeuten
- umdrehen
- umfahren
- umfärben
- umfassen
- umfluten
- umgarnen
- umgeben
- umgehen
- umgrenzen
- umgürten
- umkämpfen
- umladen
- umlagern
- umlegen
- ummanteln
- ummauern
- umnieten
- umpacken
- umpolen
- umpusten
- umrennen
- umsatteln
- umschalten
- umschiffen
- umschlagen
- umschließen
- umschlingen
- umsetzen
- umspinnen
- umsteigen
- umstellen
- umstoßen
- umstürzen
- umtrampeln
- umtreten
- umtüten
- umverteilen
- umwandeln
- umwerfen
- umwickeln
- umwinden
- umzäunen
- umziehen
- umzingeln
Northern Ndebele edit
Etymology 1 edit
Prefix edit
um-
- Class 1 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable.
Etymology 2 edit
Prefix edit
um-
- Class 3 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable.
Southern Ndebele edit
Etymology 1 edit
Prefix edit
um-
- Class 1 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable.
Etymology 2 edit
Prefix edit
um-
- Class 3 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable.
Swazi edit
Etymology 1 edit
Prefix edit
um-
- Class 1 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable.
Etymology 2 edit
Prefix edit
um-
- Class 3 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable.
Tagalog edit
Etymology edit
See -um-.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
um- (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜋ᜔)
- prefix form of -um- for verbs starting with a vowel
- Umulan kanina.
- It rained a while ago.
- Umalis na ako.
- I already left.
See also edit
Xhosa edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
um-
- Class 1 noun prefix.
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
um-
- Class 3 noun prefix.
Zulu edit
Etymology 1 edit
Prefix edit
úm-
- Class 1 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable.
Etymology 2 edit
Prefix edit
úm-
- Class 3 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable.
References edit
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “um-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “um-”