baka
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
baka (plural bakas or baka)
- (voodoo) An evil spirit in Haitian belief, often in the form of an animal.
- 1953, Maya Daren, The Divine Horsemen, McPherson & Company, published 2004, page 113:
- Under his sign the malevolent bocor may take the shape of an animal, and men may be transformed into terrible bakas.
- 1969, Milo Rigaud, Secrets of Voodoo, page 83:
- A person has only to serve the baka incorrectly to have it turn against its owner and do him irremediable harm by reason of the very duality of its composition.
- 2001, Jennie Marcelle Smith, When the Hands Are Many, page 77:
- Because a baka can destroy a family's (or even a whole neighborhood's) well-being, there is great interest in catching and destroying them.
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Japanese 馬鹿 (baka, “stupid”).
Adjective edit
baka (comparative more baka, superlative most baka) (anime manga, fandom slang, endearing)
Noun edit
baka (plural bakas) (anime manga, fandom slang, endearing)
- A foolish person, a dummy, a silly goose.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
See also edit
Anagrams edit
Anyi edit
Noun edit
baka
References edit
- Burmeister, Jonathan (1987) “Numbers before letters — Ivory Coast literacy program”, in G. Gagné, F. Daems, S. Kroon, J. Sturm and E. Tarrab, editors, Selected Papers in Mother Tongue Education / Études en pédagogie de la langue maternelle[1], Dordrecht, The Netherlands & Montréal, Canada: Foris Publications Holland; Centre de Diffusion P.P.M.F. primaire, Université de Montréal, →ISBN, page 23 of 19–25
- Wichmann, Søren, Eric W. Holman, and Cecil H. Brown (eds.). (2020). The ASJP Database (version 19).
Further reading edit
- Burmeister, Jonathan L. (1983) “L’agni”, in Atlas des langues kwa de Côte d’Ivoire, volume 1, Paris & Abidjan: Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique (ACCT); Institut de Linguistique Appliquée (ILA), Université d’Abidjan
- Pyne, P. C. (1977) “Anyi”, in M. E. Kropp Dakubu, editor, West African language data sheets, volume 1, Legon, Ghana: West African Linguistic Society
Asi edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
baka
Bikol Central edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baka
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Philippine *bakáq.[1] Compare Tagalog baka, Remontado Agta baka, Ibaloi baka, and Ilocano baka.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
bakà
References edit
Binukid edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).
Noun edit
baka
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
bakà
Bolinao edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).
Noun edit
baka
Cebuano edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baka
- a cow; an adult female of the species Bos taurus that has calved
- any member of the species Bos taurus regardless of sex or age, including bulls and calves
- beef; the meat from a cow, bull, or other bovine
Adjective edit
baka
Quotations edit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:baka.
Dibabawon Manobo edit
Noun edit
bakà
Dupaningan Agta edit
Adverb edit
baka
Faroese edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse baka, from Proto-Germanic *bakaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₃g-.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
baka (third person singular past indicative bakaði, third person plural past indicative bakað, supine bakað)
- to bake
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of baka (group v-30) | ||
---|---|---|
infinitive | baka | |
supine | bakað | |
participle (a6)1 | bakandi | bakaður |
present | past | |
first singular | baki | bakaði |
second singular | bakar | bakaði |
third singular | bakar | bakaði |
plural | baka | bakaðu |
imperative | ||
singular | baka! | |
plural | bakið! | |
1Only the past participle being declined. |
Fula edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).
Noun edit
baka o
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
References edit
- Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.
- Richard Smith, Urs Niggli, Dictionnaire fulfulde - anglais - français, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2016.
Hausa edit
Etymology 1 edit
Cognate with Duwai bak, Mwaghavul mbuka.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bàkā m (plural bakunkunā̀, possessed form bàkan)
Etymology 2 edit
From baki.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
bakà
- in the mouth
Hiligaynon edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).
Noun edit
báka
Related terms edit
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
Probably a doublet of boka, via its former meaning of “boots”, expressing a booted soldier. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baka (plural bakák)
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | baka | bakák |
accusative | bakát | bakákat |
dative | bakának | bakáknak |
instrumental | bakával | bakákkal |
causal-final | bakáért | bakákért |
translative | bakává | bakákká |
terminative | bakáig | bakákig |
essive-formal | bakaként | bakákként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | bakában | bakákban |
superessive | bakán | bakákon |
adessive | bakánál | bakáknál |
illative | bakába | bakákba |
sublative | bakára | bakákra |
allative | bakához | bakákhoz |
elative | bakából | bakákból |
delative | bakáról | bakákról |
ablative | bakától | bakáktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
bakáé | bakáké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
bakáéi | bakákéi |
Possessive forms of baka | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | bakám | bakáim |
2nd person sing. | bakád | bakáid |
3rd person sing. | bakája | bakái |
1st person plural | bakánk | bakáink |
2nd person plural | bakátok | bakáitok |
3rd person plural | bakájuk | bakáik |
Further reading edit
- baka in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- baka in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
Iban edit
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
baka
Icelandic edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From the verb baka (“to bake”).
Noun edit
baka f (genitive singular böku, nominative plural bökur)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Norse baka, from Proto-Germanic *bakaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₃g-.
Verb edit
baka (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative bakaði, supine bakað)
- to bake
Conjugation edit
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að baka | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
bakað | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
bakandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég baka | við bökum | present (nútíð) |
ég baki | við bökum |
þú bakar | þið bakið | þú bakir | þið bakið | ||
hann, hún, það bakar | þeir, þær, þau baka | hann, hún, það baki | þeir, þær, þau baki | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég bakaði | við bökuðum | past (þátíð) |
ég bakaði | við bökuðum |
þú bakaðir | þið bökuðuð | þú bakaðir | þið bökuðuð | ||
hann, hún, það bakaði | þeir, þær, þau bökuðu | hann, hún, það bakaði | þeir, þær, þau bökuðu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
baka (þú) | bakið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
bakaðu | bakiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að bakast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
bakast | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
bakandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég bakast | við bökumst | present (nútíð) |
ég bakist | við bökumst |
þú bakast | þið bakist | þú bakist | þið bakist | ||
hann, hún, það bakast | þeir, þær, þau bakast | hann, hún, það bakist | þeir, þær, þau bakist | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég bakaðist | við bökuðumst | past (þátíð) |
ég bakaðist | við bökuðumst |
þú bakaðist | þið bökuðust | þú bakaðist | þið bökuðust | ||
hann, hún, það bakaðist | þeir, þær, þau bökuðust | hann, hún, það bakaðist | þeir, þær, þau bökuðust | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
bakast (þú) | bakist (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
bakastu | bakisti * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
bakaður | bökuð | bakað | bakaðir | bakaðar | bökuð | |
accusative (þolfall) |
bakaðan | bakaða | bakað | bakaða | bakaðar | bökuð | |
dative (þágufall) |
bökuðum | bakaðri | bökuðu | bökuðum | bökuðum | bökuðum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
bakaðs | bakaðrar | bakaðs | bakaðra | bakaðra | bakaðra | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
bakaði | bakaða | bakaða | bökuðu | bökuðu | bökuðu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
bakaða | bökuðu | bakaða | bökuðu | bökuðu | bökuðu | |
dative (þágufall) |
bakaða | bökuðu | bakaða | bökuðu | bökuðu | bökuðu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
bakaða | bökuðu | bakaða | bökuðu | bökuðu | bökuðu |
Etymology 3 edit
Form of bak (“a back”).
Noun edit
baka n
Ilocano edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baka
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Philippine *bakáq.[1] Compare Bikol Central baka, Remontado Agta baka, Ibaloi baka, and Tagalog baka.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
baká
References edit
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
From Malay baka, baqa, from Classical Malay باک (baka), بقاٴ (baqa), from Arabic بَقَاء (baqāʔ, “remaining, lasting, enduring”).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
baka
References edit
- “baka” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Japanese edit
Romanization edit
baka
Javanese edit
Romanization edit
baka
- Romanization of ꦧꦏ
Kagayanen edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
baka
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
baka
Karaim edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Turkic *b(i)āka.
Noun edit
baka
References edit
- N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “baka”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN
Kavalan edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).
Noun edit
baka
Kiput edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-North Sarawak *bakas.
Noun edit
baka
- wild boar
Limos Kalinga edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).
Noun edit
baka
Malay edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
baka (Jawi spelling باک)
- patriarchal, ruled by men
- sistem (kuasa) baka
- a patriarchal system
- sistem (kuasa) baka
Antonyms edit
Noun edit
baka (Jawi spelling باک, plural baka-baka, informal 1st possessive bakaku, 2nd possessive bakamu, 3rd possessive bakanya)
Further reading edit
- “baka” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Mansaka edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).
Noun edit
baka
Masbatenyo edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).
Noun edit
baka
Etymology 2 edit
Adjective edit
bakâ
Northern Catanduanes Bicolano edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).
Noun edit
baka
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology 1 edit
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
baka m or n
Etymology 2 edit
Alternative forms edit
Verb edit
baka (present tense bakar or baker, past tense baka or bakte, past participle baka or bakt, passive infinitive bakast, present participle bakande, imperative bak)
- to bake (something)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
References edit
- “baka” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Javanese edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Sanskrit बक (baka, “heron”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baka
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- "baka" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
Old Norse edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *bakaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₃g-. Compare Old English bacan (English bake), Old Saxon bakkan (Low German backen), Dutch bakken, Old High German bahhan, backan (German backen).
Verb edit
baka
- to bake
Conjugation edit
infinitive | baka | |
---|---|---|
present participle | bakandi | |
past participle | bekinn | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | bek | bók |
2nd-person singular | bekr | bókt |
3rd-person singular | bekr | bók |
1st-person plural | bǫkum | bókum |
2nd-person plural | bakið | bókuð |
3rd-person plural | baka | bóku |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | baka | bǿka |
2nd-person singular | bakir | bǿkir |
3rd-person singular | baki | bǿki |
1st-person plural | bakim | bǿkim |
2nd-person plural | bakið | bǿkið |
3rd-person plural | baki | bǿki |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | bak | |
1st-person plural | bǫkum | |
2nd-person plural | bakið |
infinitive | bakask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | bakandisk | |
past participle | bekizk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | bǫkumk | bókumk |
2nd-person singular | beksk | bókzk |
3rd-person singular | beksk | bóksk |
1st-person plural | bǫkumsk | bókumsk |
2nd-person plural | bakizk | bókuzk |
3rd-person plural | bakask | bókusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | bǫkumk | bǿkumk |
2nd-person singular | bakisk | bǿkisk |
3rd-person singular | bakisk | bǿkisk |
1st-person plural | bakimsk | bǿkimsk |
2nd-person plural | bakizk | bǿkizk |
3rd-person plural | bakisk | bǿkisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | baksk | |
1st-person plural | bǫkumsk | |
2nd-person plural | bakizk |
Descendants edit
- Icelandic: baka
- Faroese: baka
- Norn: båke
- Norwegian Nynorsk: baka
- Elfdalian: båkå
- Old Swedish: baka
- Swedish: baka
- Danish: bage
- Norwegian Bokmål: bake
- Old Gutnish: baka
- Gutnish: bake
References edit
- “baka”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Old Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *bakaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₃g-. Compare Old English bacan (English bake), Old Saxon bakkan (Low German backen), Dutch bakken, Old High German bahhan, backan (German backen).
Verb edit
baka
- to bake
Conjugation edit
present | past | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | baka | — | |||
participle | bakandi, bakande | bakin | |||
active voice | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
iæk | bak | baki, bake | — | bōk | bōki, bōke |
þū | bak | baki, bake | bak | bōkt | bōki, bōke |
han | bak | baki, bake | — | bōk | bōki, bōke |
vīr | bakum, bakom | bakum, bakom | bakum, bakom | bōkum, bōkom | bōkum, bōkom |
īr | bakin | bakin | bakin | bōkin | bōkin |
þēr | baka | bakin | — | bōku, bōko | bōkin |
mediopassive voice | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
iæk | baks | bakis, bakes | — | bōks | bōkis, bōkes |
þū | baks | bakis, bakes | — | bōkts | bōkis, bōkes |
han | baks | bakis, bakes | — | bōks | bōkis, bōkes |
vīr | bakums, -oms | bakums, bakoms | — | bōkums, bōkoms | bōkums, bōkoms |
īr | bakins | bakins | — | bōkins | bōkins |
þēr | bakas | bakins | — | bōkus, bōkos | bōkins |
Descendants edit
- Swedish: baka
Pali edit
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
baka m
Declension edit
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | bako | bakā |
Accusative (second) | bakaṃ | bake |
Instrumental (third) | bakena | bakehi or bakebhi |
Dative (fourth) | bakassa or bakāya or bakatthaṃ | bakānaṃ |
Ablative (fifth) | bakasmā or bakamhā or bakā | bakehi or bakebhi |
Genitive (sixth) | bakassa | bakānaṃ |
Locative (seventh) | bakasmiṃ or bakamhi or bake | bakesu |
Vocative (calling) | baka | bakā |
Papiamentu edit
Etymology edit
From Portuguese vaca and Spanish vaca and Kabuverdianu báka.
Noun edit
baka
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
baka f
- (navigation, nautical) seamark
- Synonym: stawa
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
baka m inan
Etymology 3 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
baka
Further reading edit
- baka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
From earlier babka; compare bȁba.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
báka f (Cyrillic spelling ба́ка)
- (hypocoristic) grandmother, grandma
- (hypocoristic, regional) old woman
Declension edit
References edit
- “baka” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Southern Catanduanes Bicolano edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
baka
Sranan Tongo edit
Etymology 1 edit
Preposition edit
baka
Adjective edit
baka
- back
- bakasey ― behind
Adverb edit
baka
Noun edit
baka
Derived terms edit
- bakabonyo (“backbone”)
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
baka
Derived terms edit
Swahili edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Arabic بَقَّعَ (baqqaʕa, “to stain”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
-baka (infinitive kubaka)
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of -baka | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. |
Derived terms edit
Noun edit
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse baka, from Proto-Germanic *bakaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₃g-.
Pronunciation edit
Audio: (file)
Verb edit
baka (present bakar, preterite bakade, supine bakat, imperative baka)
Conjugation edit
Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | baka | bakas | ||
Supine | bakat | bakats | ||
Imperative | baka | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | baken | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | bakar | bakade | bakas | bakades |
Ind. plural1 | baka | bakade | bakas | bakades |
Subjunctive2 | bake | bakade | bakes | bakades |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | bakande | |||
Past participle | bakad | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |
Derived terms edit
Tagalog edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”), from Latin vacca.
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈbaka/ [ˈbaː.xɐ]
- Rhymes: -aka
- Syllabification: ba‧ka
Noun edit
baka (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜃ)
- cattle; cow
- beef
- Synonym: karneng-baka
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Proto-Philippine *bakáq. Compare Bikol Central baka, Remontado Agta baka, Ibaloi baka, and Ilocano baka.
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Tagalog)
- Syllabification: ba‧ka
Adverb edit
bakâ (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜃ)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈbaka/ [ˈbaː.xɐ]
- Rhymes: -aka
- Syllabification: ba‧ka
Noun edit
baka (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜃ)
- declaration of war (against another nation)
- Synonyms: salakay, pagsalakay, lusob, paglusob
- campaign against something wrong or immoral
- verbal attack or assault
- Synonyms: tuligsa, pagtuligsa, atake, pag-atake
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
Tausug edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).
Noun edit
baka
Waray-Waray edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baka
Yami edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).
Noun edit
baka
Yogad edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”).
Noun edit
baka
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- nn:Cooking
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- sh:Age
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- yog:Cattle
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