um
Translingual edit
Symbol edit
um
- micrometer; variant of μm used when the character μ is unavailable
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Used in rhotic dialects. Compare to British English erm.
Interjection edit
um
- Expression of hesitation, uncertainty or space filler in conversation.
- 2002, Newsweek, volume 140, page lxxx:
- It's a great test of the claims of open-source gurus, who say that a self-motivated community can outcode any team working for a single employer—like, um, Microsoft.
- (chiefly US) Dated spelling of mmm.
- 1963, Kurt Vonnegut, Cat's Cradle, Dell Publishing Co., Inc., page 65:
- "About the same, wherever you go," he agreed.
"Um," I said.
- (US) An expression to forcefully call attention to something wrong.
- Um, excuse me!
- (UK, childish) An expression of shocked disapproval used by a child who witnesses forbidden behavior.
- 2011, Kimberly Willis Holt, Piper Reed, Clubhouse Queen:
- While I was in her room, Sam walked by and said, “Um, I'm telling!”
“You're telling what?” I asked.
“You're reading Tori's journal,” she said.
- 2021, Sarah Strangeways, The Gingerbread House, page 13:
- Mair used to look after Laura. If anyone threatened to tease her, Mair would stand up straight, point her finger at the enemy and shout, 'Um! I'm telling on you!'
Verb edit
um (third-person singular simple present ums, present participle umming, simple past and past participle ummed)
- (intransitive) To make the um sound to express uncertainty or hesitancy.
- 2007, Michael Erard, Um... Slips, Stumbles, and Verbal Blunders, and What They Mean, page 136:
- Meanwhile, in the popular mind umming was simply a bad habit, akin to spitting or picking one’s nose.
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle English um, from Old Norse um, umb (“around, about”), from Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“round about, around”). Cognate with Old English ymbe (“around”), West Frisian om (“around”), Dutch om (“around”), German um (“around”). More at umbe.
Preposition edit
um
- Alternative form of umbe
Alternative forms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Particle edit
um
- (dated, sometimes humorous, often offensive) An undifferentiated determiner or article; a miscellaneous linking word, or filler with nonspecific meaning; representation of broken English stereotypically or comically attributed to Native Americans.
- He um Growling Bear. He um heap big chief.
- 1871, “Grand camp meeting on Bear River”, in The Keepapitchinin[1], volume III, page 3:
- “me heap brave—me talk to um white man so […] me good injun, like um white man, mebbe so, ugh!”
See also edit
Anagrams edit
Czech edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *umъ
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
um m inan
Declension edit
See also edit
Further reading edit
East Makian edit
Noun edit
um
References edit
- C. L. Voorhoeve, The Makian Languages and Their Neighbours (1982)
Elfdalian edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse um, from Proto-Germanic *umbi. Cognate with Swedish om.
Conjunction edit
um
Preposition edit
um
Faroese edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse umb, from Proto-Germanic *umbi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“round about, around”).
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
um
- around [+accusative]
- about [+accusative]
- during [+accusative]
- through [+accusative]
- over [+accusative]
Conjunction edit
um
Galician edit
10 | ||||
[a], [b] ← 0 | 1 | 2 → [a], [b], [c] | 10 → | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cardinal (reintegrationist / masculine): um Cardinal (standard / masculine): un Cardinal (standard / feminine): unha Cardinal (reintegrationist / feminine): umha, uma Ordinal: primeiro Ordinal abbreviation: 1º | ||||
Galician Wikipedia article on 1 |
Numeral edit
um m (feminine umha or uma, reintegrationist norm)
Usage notes edit
The numeral um and its feminine forms umha and uma can form contractions with the prepositions com (“with”), de (“of, from”), and em (“in”).
Derived terms edit
German edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German umbe, ümbe, from Old High German umbi, from Proto-West Germanic *umbi.
Central German dialects show regular umlaut; the standard form is from Upper German, where umlaut of -u- was blocked before labial geminates and clusters. Cognate with Luxembourgish ëm, Dutch om, English umbe.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
um (with accusative)
- about
- Es geht um den Kuchen. ― It's about the pie.
- around
- Um die Ecke ― around the corner
- at, by (when relating to time)
- Um acht Uhr reisen wir ab ― At eight o’clock we depart
- by (percentage difference)
- Die Verkaufsmengen gingen um 6% zurück. ― Sales in volume has decreased by 6%.
- (Austria) for (amount of money)
- Um einen Euro bekommt man heute nicht besonders viel. ― You can't buy much for one euro these days.
- Heute im Sonderangebot um nur 99 Euro. ― Special offer today for only 99 euros.
Derived terms edit
- (um + das) ums
Conjunction edit
um (introduces a zu-clause)
- in order to, so as to
- Wir sind gekommen, um zu helfen.
- We’ve come (in order) to help.
Adjective edit
um (indeclinable, predicative only)
- (predicative, not attributive) up, in the sense of finished
- Werden dich in kurzem binden/ Erdgeist, deine Zeit ist um
- We will shortly bind you/ Erdgeist, your time is up
- (Friedrich von Hardenberg, Novalis)
Adverb edit
um
Derived terms edit
Hunsrik edit
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
um (+ accusative)
- around
- Ich hon mich en Duch um de Kopp gebunn.
- I've tied a towel around my head.
- at, by (when relating to time)
- Um acht Uher.
- At eight o'clock.
Derived terms edit
- (um + das) ums
Adverb edit
um
Further reading edit
Icelandic edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse um, from Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around, about”).
Adverb edit
um
- used in set phrases
- Það er um að gera að sofa vel.
- The important thing to do is to sleep well.
- Hvað er um að vera?
- What's going on?
- Eins og um var talað.
- As was agreed.
Derived terms edit
Preposition edit
um [+accusative]
- about, concerning
- Um hvað ertu að tala?
- What are you talking about?
- Spurning um líf og dauða.
- A question of life and death.
- through, around, across
- Áin rennur um dalinn.
- The river runs through the valley.
- Að fara út um gluggann.
- To go out through the window.
- Vestur um haf.
- West across the sea.
- throughout, over, around
- Við förum um alla sveitina.
- We'll go throughout the district.
- Hann var breiður um herðar.
- He was broad across the shoulders.
- Hún hafði klút um hálsinn.
- She had a scarf around her neck.
- during, for, in, at
- Hvenær gerðist þetta? - Þetta gerðist um sumarið.
- When did this happen? - It happened during the summer.
- Ég fór um nóttina.
- I went during the night.
- approximately, about, around
- Pokinn er um fjögur kíló.
- The bag is around four kilos.
Usage notes edit
- Often used with phrases such as "brjóta heilann um".
- Ég er búinn að brjóta heilann um þetta alla nótt!
- I've been racking my brain about this all night!
Derived terms edit
- búa um rúmið
- deila um keisarans skegg
- eins og um var talað
- ganga um gólf (“to walk up and down the floor, to pace the floor”)
- hér um bil (“approximately”)
- hver um sig (“each one of them, each in turn, each one on his/her own”)
- hælast um af
- klukkan ~ um morguninn (“at ~ in the morning”)
- láta e-h um það (“to leave it to s-b”)
- láta sem vind um eyru þjóta/láta eins og vind um eyru þjóta
- líta um öxl
- togast á um
- um daginn (“the other day”)
- um leið og (“as soon as, at the same time as”)
- um leið (“straight away”)
- um morguninn (“in the morning, in the course of the morning”)
- um nóttina (“during the night”)
- um of (“too much”)
- um tíma/um stundarsakir (“for a while”)
- um það bil
- um það leyti (“at about that time”)
- vefja um fingur sér
- vera um megn
- víða um land (“all over the country”)
Indo-Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
From Portuguese um (“a”), from Old Galician-Portuguese ũu, from Latin ūnus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos.
Article edit
um
- a (the indefinite article)
- 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3:
- Um homm tinh doiz filh:
- A man had two sons:
Irish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old Irish imb, from Proto-Celtic *ambi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“round about, around”).
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
um (plus dative, triggers lenition, except of b, m, and p)
Inflection edit
Further reading edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “um”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Khasi edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
um
References edit
- H. Roberts, A Grammar of the Khasi Language
Livonian edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
u'm
Lote edit
Noun edit
um
References edit
- Greg Pearson, René van den Berg, Lote Grammar Sketch (2008)
Luxembourgish edit
Contraction edit
um
Mòcheno edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German umbe, ümbe, from Old High German umbi, from Proto-West Germanic *umbi, from Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around, about”). Cognate with German um, English umbe.
Preposition edit
um (+ accusative)
References edit
- “um” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
um
References edit
- “um” in Ivar Aasen (1873) Norsk Ordbog med dansk Forklaring
Old Norse edit
Alternative forms edit
- umb (older form)
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around, about”). Cognate with Old English ymbe, Old Frisian umbe, ombe, Old Saxon umbi, Old High German umbi.
Preposition edit
um
- about, concerning [+accusative]
- round, past, beyond [+accusative]
- over, across, along [+accusative]
- during, at a point in time [+accusative]
- because of, for [+accusative]
Particle edit
um
- (w:Poetic Edda) indicates that the verbal action is completed, compare English “through” as in “read through”. For semantic development, compare adjectival usage of German um.
Descendants edit
References edit
Pennsylvania German edit
Etymology edit
Compare German um, Dutch om, Old English ymb.
Preposition edit
um
Pnar edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Khasian *ʔum (“tree”). Cognate with Khasi um.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
um
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ũmъ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
um m inan
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- um in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese edit
10 | ||||
← 0 | 1 | 2 → | 10 → | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cardinal: um Ordinal: primeiro Ordinal abbreviation: 1.º Multiplier: único, singular | ||||
Portuguese Wikipedia article on 1 |
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese ũu (“one; a”), from Latin ūnum (“one”), from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one”). Doublet of uno.
Pronunciation edit
Numeral edit
um m (feminine uma)
- one
- Uma xícara de café ― One cup of coffee
Quotations edit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:um.
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
Article edit
um (feminine uma, masculine plural uns, feminine plural umas)
- (indefinite) a, an
- Um carro, uma casa. ― A car, a house.
- 2005, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 186:
- Tenho um recado para você.
- I have a message for you.
- 2005, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 361:
- […] disse o professor com um sorrisinho […]
- […] the teacher said with a little smile […]
- (in the plural) some; a few (a small number of)
- Uns carros, umas casas. ― A few cars, a few houses.
- Synonym: alguns
- (with uncountable nouns) a bit of
- Synonym: um pouco de
- (usually in the feminine, pronounced slowly, emphatically and with a high intonation) indicates that what follows is exceptional; quite a; quite the
- Ontem de noite caiu uma chuva.
- We had quite a rain last night.
- Estamos comendo um churrasco.
- We are having the barbecue.
- Synonym: aquele
Quotations edit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:um.
See also edit
Portuguese articles (edit) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | |
Definite articles (the) |
o | a | os | as |
Indefinite articles (a, an; some) |
um | uma | uns | umas |
Noun edit
um m (plural uns)
- the figure or digit "1": one
- O um parece o sete sem gravata no pescoço. ― The one looks like the seven with no tie at its neck.
Quotations edit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:um.
Pronoun edit
um m or f (plural uns)
- a person; one; someone
- Chegou-me um e disse: "Olá!" ― One came to me and said: "Hello!"
- element(s) of a previously mentioned class: one; some (in the plural)
- Comprei uns e me decepcionei. ― I bought some and got disappointed.
Quotations edit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:um.
Romansch edit
Etymology edit
From Latin homō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰmṓ (“earthling”).
Noun edit
um m (plural umens)
Sawai edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
um
Further reading edit
- Donald A. Burquest, Wyn D. Laidig, Phonological Studies in Four Languages of Maluku (1992)
Scots edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
um
- (Southern Scots, personal) him
See also edit
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *umъ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ȗm m (Cyrillic spelling у̑м)
Declension edit
Slovak edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *umъ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
um m inan (genitive singular umu, nominative plural umy, genitive plural umov, declension pattern of dub)
Declension edit
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “um”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- English onomatopoeias
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/ʌm
- Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable
- English lemmas
- English interjections
- English terms with quotations
- American English
- English dated forms
- English terms with usage examples
- British English
- English childish terms
- English verbs
- English intransitive verbs
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old Norse
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English prepositions
- English particles
- English dated terms
- English humorous terms
- English offensive terms
- English two-letter words
- Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Czech/um
- Rhymes:Czech/um/1 syllable
- Czech lemmas
- Czech nouns
- Czech masculine nouns
- Czech inanimate nouns
- Czech masculine inanimate nouns
- Czech hard masculine inanimate nouns
- East Makian lemmas
- East Makian nouns
- Elfdalian terms inherited from Old Norse
- Elfdalian terms derived from Old Norse
- Elfdalian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Elfdalian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Elfdalian lemmas
- Elfdalian conjunctions
- Elfdalian prepositions
- Faroese terms inherited from Old Norse
- Faroese terms derived from Old Norse
- Faroese terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Faroese terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Faroese terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Faroese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Faroese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Faroese lemmas
- Faroese prepositions
- Faroese conjunctions
- Galician cardinal numbers
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German 1-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio links
- Rhymes:German/ʊm
- German lemmas
- German prepositions
- German terms with usage examples
- Austrian German
- German conjunctions
- German adjectives
- German uncomparable adjectives
- German adverbs
- Hunsrik 1-syllable words
- Hunsrik terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hunsrik lemmas
- Hunsrik prepositions
- Hunsrik terms with usage examples
- Hunsrik adverbs
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic adverbs
- Icelandic terms with usage examples
- Icelandic prepositions
- Indo-Portuguese terms derived from Portuguese
- Indo-Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Indo-Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Indo-Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Indo-Portuguese lemmas
- Indo-Portuguese articles
- Indo-Portuguese terms with quotations
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ent-
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish lemmas
- Irish prepositions
- Irish prepositions governing the dative
- Khasi lemmas
- Khasi nouns
- Livonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Livonian words with broken tone
- Livonian non-lemma forms
- Livonian verb forms
- Lote lemmas
- Lote nouns
- Luxembourgish non-lemma forms
- Luxembourgish contractions
- Mòcheno terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Mòcheno terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ent-
- Mòcheno terms inherited from Middle High German
- Mòcheno terms derived from Middle High German
- Mòcheno terms inherited from Old High German
- Mòcheno terms derived from Old High German
- Mòcheno terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Mòcheno terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Mòcheno terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Mòcheno terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Mòcheno lemmas
- Mòcheno prepositions
- mhn:Time
- Mòcheno terms with usage examples
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk prepositions
- Norwegian Nynorsk dialectal terms
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ent-
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse prepositions
- Old Norse particles
- Old Norse terms with quotations
- Pennsylvania German lemmas
- Pennsylvania German prepositions
- Pnar terms inherited from Proto-Khasian
- Pnar terms derived from Proto-Khasian
- Pnar terms with IPA pronunciation
- Pnar lemmas
- Pnar nouns
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/um
- Rhymes:Polish/um/1 syllable
- Polish terms with homophones
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- Polish terms with obsolete senses
- pl:Thinking
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Latin
- Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese doublets
- Portuguese 1-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Portuguese/ũ
- Rhymes:Portuguese/ũ/1 syllable
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese numerals
- Portuguese cardinal numbers
- Portuguese terms with usage examples
- Portuguese articles
- Portuguese terms with quotations
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- Portuguese pronouns
- Romansch terms inherited from Latin
- Romansch terms derived from Latin
- Romansch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Romansch lemmas
- Romansch nouns
- Romansch masculine nouns
- rm:Family
- rm:People
- Sawai terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sawai lemmas
- Sawai nouns
- Scots terms with IPA pronunciation
- Scots lemmas
- Scots pronouns
- Southern Scots
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- Slovak terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak 1-syllable words
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovak lemmas
- Slovak nouns
- Slovak masculine nouns
- Slovak inanimate nouns
- English filled pauses