id

See also: Appendix:Variations of "id"

Translingual

Symbol

id

1. (mathematics) identity function
2. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Indonesian.

Numeral

id

1. (informal) A Roman numeral representing four hundred and ninety-nine (499).

Alternative forms

• (roman numeral): ID, CDXCIX, cdxcix

See also

• Previous: iid (four hundred and ninety-eight, 498)
• Next: d (five hundred, 500)

English

Etymology 1

From New Latin id (“it”), chosen by Freud’s translator as a translation of his use of German Es (“it”) as a noun for this concept from the pronoun es (“it”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪd/
• enPR: ĭd

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪd
• Homophone: it'd

Noun

id (plural ids)

1. (psychoanalysis) The unconscious impulsive component of the personality in the Freudian psychoanalytic model.
   • 1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London, New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:

     "There is one sentence in it, however - namely: 'I protest strongly against the insufferable and entirely dogmatic assertion that each separate id is a microcosm possessed of an historical architecture elaborated slowly through the series of generations.' Have you no desire, in view of later research, to modify this statement?"

   • 2012 June 3, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “Mr. Plow” (season 4, episode 9; originally aired 11/19/1992)”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎^[1]:

     Almost as an afterthought, we’re given an origin story for Barney’s alcoholism: he was once a sober, studious, Ivy League-bound high school scholar before Homer forced a beer on him that transformed him into a drooling, slurring, out of control rampaging id.

   • 2023 September 27, Spencer Kornhaber, “The Weirdos Living Inside Our Phones”, in The Atlantic‎^[2]:

     The phenomenon may seem like a random burble of the internet’s id, but Alvarez has been making similarly entrancing—if mostly nonmusical—work for the past few years.

Synonyms

• (unconscious impulsive component of the personality): lizard brain, reptilian brain

Coordinate terms

• ego
• superego

Translations

id

• Arabic: هُوَ (ar) m (huwa)
• Basque: zera
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 本我 (zh) (běnwǒ)

• Danish: underjeg n, id n
• Dutch: Es (nl) n, id (nl) n
• Esperanto: ĝio
• Finnish: viettipohja
• French: ça (fr) m
• German: Es (de) n
• Greek: εκείνο (el) n (ekeíno)
• Hindi: इदम् (idam)
• Italian: es (it) m
• Japanese: エス (ja) (esu)
• Occitan: aquò (oc), id (oc) m
• Persian: نهاد (fa) (nahâd)
• Polish: id (pl) n
• Portuguese: id (pt) m
• Spanish: ello (es) m
• Swedish: det (sv) n, underjag n
• Turkish: id (tr), alt benlik

Further reading

• Id, ego and super-ego on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology 2

From Swedish id.

Noun

id (plural ids)

1. Alternative spelling of ide (the fish)

Etymology 3

Abbreviation of identifier.

Noun

id (plural ids)

1. (computing) Identifier.

Etymology 4

Abbreviation of idem., from Latin idem (“same”)

Pronoun

id

1. Alternative form of id.

See also

• et id genus omne
• ID
• id reaction

Anagrams

• DI, Di, dI, di, di-

Blagar

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /id/

Noun

id

1. star

References

• A. Schapper, The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 1
• The Rosetta Project, Blagar Swadesh List

Czech

Etymology

Borrowed from English id, from New Latin as a translation of German Es from the pronoun es (“it”).

Noun

id n

1. id (psychoanalysis)

   Synonym: ono

Declension

Declension of id (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	id	idy
genitive	idu	idů
dative	idu	idům
accusative	id	idy
vocative	ide	idy
locative	idu	idech
instrumental	idem	idy

See also

• ego n
• superego n

Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse ið. More at ident.

Noun

id c

1. pursuit, business, calling

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin id as a translation of German Es from the pronoun es (“it”).

Noun

id n (singular definite id'et, not used in plural form)

1. id (one of the three components of the personality in the Freudian psychoanalytic model)

Etymology 3

Noun

id n

1. ID (identification or identity documentation, such as in ID card)

Finnish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from New Latin id.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈid/, [ˈid]
• Rhymes: -id
• Syllabification^(key): id

Noun

id

1. (psychology) id

Declension

Inflection of id (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		id	idit
genitive		idin	idien
partitive		idiä	idejä
illative		idiin	ideihin
		singular	plural
nominative		id	idit
accusative	nom.	id	idit
	gen.	idin
genitive		idin	idien
partitive		idiä	idejä
inessive		idissä	ideissä
elative		idistä	ideistä
illative		idiin	ideihin
adessive		idillä	ideillä
ablative		idiltä	ideiltä
allative		idille	ideille
essive		idinä	ideinä
translative		idiksi	ideiksi
abessive		idittä	ideittä
instructive		—	idein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of id (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative idini idini accusative nom. idini idini gen. idini genitive idini idieni partitive idiäni idejäni inessive idissäni ideissäni elative idistäni ideistäni illative idiini ideihini adessive idilläni ideilläni ablative idiltäni ideiltäni allative idilleni ideilleni essive idinäni ideinäni translative idikseni ideikseni abessive idittäni ideittäni instructive — — comitative — ideineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative idisi idisi accusative nom. idisi idisi gen. idisi genitive idisi idiesi partitive idiäsi idejäsi inessive idissäsi ideissäsi elative idistäsi ideistäsi illative idiisi ideihisi adessive idilläsi ideilläsi ablative idiltäsi ideiltäsi allative idillesi ideillesi essive idinäsi ideinäsi translative idiksesi ideiksesi abessive idittäsi ideittäsi instructive — — comitative — ideinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative idimme idimme accusative nom. idimme idimme gen. idimme genitive idimme idiemme partitive idiämme idejämme inessive idissämme ideissämme elative idistämme ideistämme illative idiimme ideihimme adessive idillämme ideillämme ablative idiltämme ideiltämme allative idillemme ideillemme essive idinämme ideinämme translative idiksemme ideiksemme abessive idittämme ideittämme instructive — — comitative — ideinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative idinne idinne accusative nom. idinne idinne gen. idinne genitive idinne idienne partitive idiänne idejänne inessive idissänne ideissänne elative idistänne ideistänne illative idiinne ideihinne adessive idillänne ideillänne ablative idiltänne ideiltänne allative idillenne ideillenne essive idinänne ideinänne translative idiksenne ideiksenne abessive idittänne ideittänne instructive — — comitative — ideinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative idinsä idinsä accusative nom. idinsä idinsä gen. idinsä genitive idinsä idiensä partitive idiään idiänsä idejään idejänsä inessive idissään idissänsä ideissään ideissänsä elative idistään idistänsä ideistään ideistänsä illative idiinsä ideihinsä adessive idillään idillänsä ideillään ideillänsä ablative idiltään idiltänsä ideiltään ideiltänsä allative idilleen idillensä ideilleen ideillensä essive idinään idinänsä ideinään ideinänsä translative idikseen idiksensä ideikseen ideiksensä abessive idittään idittänsä ideittään ideittänsä instructive — — comitative — ideineen ideinensä

Further reading

• “id”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Irish

Alternative forms

• id', it

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪd̪ˠ/

Contraction

id (triggers lenition)

1. (Munster) Contraction of i do (“in your”).

   Ná téigh amach id bhoinn.

   Don’t go out in your bare feet.

Related terms

Irish preposition contractions

Basic form	Contracted with							Copular forms
	an (“the sg”)	na (“the pl”)	mo (“my”)	do (“your”)	a (“his, her, their; which (present)”)	ár (“our”)	ar (“which (past)”)	(before consonant)	(present/future before vowel)	(past/conditional before vowel)
de (“from”)	den	de na desna*	de mo dem*	de do ded*, det*	dá	dár		dar	darb	darbh
do (“to, for”)	don	do na dosna*	do mo dom*	do do dod*, dot*	dá	dár		dar	darb	darbh
faoi (“under, about”)	faoin	faoi na	faoi mo	faoi do	faoina	faoinár	faoinar		faoinarb	faoinarbh
i (“in”)	sa, san	sna	i mo im*	i do id*, it*	ina	inár	inar		inarb	inarbh
le (“with”)	leis an	leis na	le mo lem*	le do led*, let*	lena	lenár	lenar		lenarb	lenarbh
ó (“from, since”)	ón	ó na ósna*	ó mo óm*	ó do ód*, ót*	óna	ónár	ónar		ónarb	ónarbh
trí (“through”)	tríd an	trí na	trí mo	trí do	trína	trínár	trínar		trínarb	trínarbh
*Dialectal.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) chapter ID, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Latin

Etymology

From the pronominal Proto-Indo-European *ís; see also Old Church Slavonic онъ (onŭ, “he”), Lithuanian ans (“he”), Latin idem (“the same”), and Sanskrit third person pronoun एना (enā, “that”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /id/, [ɪd̪]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /id/, [id̪]

Pronoun

id n

1. nominative neuter singular of is; it
2. accusative neuter singular of is; it

Descendants

• ⇒ Italian: desso (id + ipsum)
• → Czech: id
• → Danish: id
• → English: id

See also

Latin personal pronouns together with the possessive and reflexive pronouns

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative	Genitive	Dative	Accusative	Ablative	Possessive
Singular	First	—	ego	meī	mihi	mē		meus, -a, -um
	Second	—	tū	tuī	tibi	tē		tuus, -a, -um
	Reflexive third	—	—	suī	sibi	sē, sēsē		suus, -a, -um
	Third	Masculine	is	ēius	eī	eum	eō	ēius
		Feminine	ea			eam	eā
		Neuter	id			id	eō
Plural	First	—	nōs	nostrī, nostrum	nōbīs	nōs	nōbīs	noster, -tra, -trum
	Second	—	vōs	vestrī, vestrum	vōbīs	vōs	vōbīs	vester, -tra, -trum
	Reflexive third	—	—	suī	sibi	sē, sēsē		suus, -a, -um
	Third	Masculine	eī, iī	eōrum	eīs	eōs	eīs	eōrum
		Feminine	eae	eārum		eās		eārum
		Neuter	ea	eōrum		ea		eōrum

References

• id in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[4], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be of such and such an age: ea aetate, id aetatis esse
    
  • I wish you all success in the matter: bene id tibi vertat!
    
  • my intention is..: id sequor, ut
    
  • he attained his object: id quod voluit consecutus est
    
  • he attained his object: ad id quod voluit pervenit
    
  • with this very object: ad id ipsum
    
  • the point at issue: id, de quo agitur or id quod cadit in controversiam
    
  • a theme, subject proposed for discussion: id quod (mihi) propositum est
    
  • a theme, subject proposed for discussion: id quod quaerimus (quaeritur)
    
  • a theme, subject proposed for discussion: institutum or id quod institui
    
  • but to return from the digression we have been making: sed ad id, unde digressi sumus, revertamur
    
  • but to return from the digression we have been making: verum ut ad id, unde digressa est oratio, revertamur
    
  • the question now is..: nunc id quaeritur, agitur
    
  • the rate of interest has gone up from 4 per cent to 8 per cent: fenus ex triente Id. Quint. factum erat bessibus (Att. 4. 15. 7)
    
  • I do not take that too strictly: non id ad vivum reseco (Lael. 5. 8)
    
  • the main point: id quod maximum, gravissimum est
    
  • no wonder: nec mirum, minime mirum (id quidem), quid mirum?
    
  • there is nothing strange in that: neque id mirum est or videri debet
    
  • quite rightly: recte, iure id quidem
    
  • and rightly too: neque id immerito (iniuria)
    

Malay

Noun

id

1. feast day

Maltese

Etymology

From general dialectal Arabic ايد (ʔīd), variant of classical يَد (yad). Doublet of jedd.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iːt/

Noun

id f (plural idejn, plural construct state idej, diminutive wejda)

1. (anatomy) hand
2. (idiomatic, in the plural) control

   Il-kumpanija qiegħda f’idejja. ― The company is in my hands.

Inflection

Inflected forms
Personal-pronoun- including forms	singular		plural
	m	f
1st person	idi		idna
2nd person	idek		idkom
3rd person	idu	idha	idhom

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Arabic عِيد (ʕīd), short for id al-fitr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪdː/

Noun

id m

2. (Islam) Eid

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• ID (upper case)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²iːdeː/

Noun

id m (definite singular id-en, indefinite plural id-ar, definite plural id-ane)

1. abbreviation of identitet (“identity”).
2. abbreviation of identifikasjon (“identification”).

Etymology 3

fisken id

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iːd/

Noun

id m (definite singular iden, indefinite plural idar, definite plural idane)

1. an ide, Leuciscus idus

   Synonyms: hirsling, vederbuk

Etymology 4

From Old Norse ið, íð. Compare with Swedish id.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iːd/

Noun

id f (definite singular ida, uncountable)

1. (archaic) effort, work

   Synonyms: ihuge, strev

Derived terms

• idast

References

• “id” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• di, ID, id.

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from New Latin id.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /it/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -it
• Syllabification: id
• Homophone: Id

Noun

id n (indeclinable)

1. (psychoanalysis) id (the unconscious impulsive component of the personality in the Freudian psychoanalytic model)

Further reading

• id in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• id in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Noun

id m (plural ids)

1. Abbreviation of identificador.
2. Abbreviation of identificação.

Adverb

id (not comparable)

1. Abbreviation of idem.

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈid/ [ˈið̞]
• Rhymes: -id
• Syllabification: id

Verb

id

1. second-person plural imperative of ir

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iːd/
• Rhymes: -iːd

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish idh. Attested on Södermanlands runinskrifter 60. Cognate of Icelandic ið (“fidgeting”). Arguably from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”).

Noun

id c

1. (obsolete) effort, work, occupation

   de voro nog skilda / till stånd och id, / men samma milda / söndagsfrid / låg över alla pannor dock.

   they belonged to different stands and occupations, but their foreheads shared the same mild Sunday peace.

   det unga, kraftiga amerikanska folkets rastlösa lif och id

   the young, strong American people's restless life and work

Related terms

• idas
• idka
• idog

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

id c

1. (rare) the tree Taxus baccata, more commonly known as idegran

Declension

Declension of id
	Uncountable
	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	id	iden	—	—
Genitive	ids	idens	—	—

See also

• Taxus baccata on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Taxus baccata on Wikispecies.Wikispecies

Etymology 3

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“shine; burn”). Compare origin of braxen, löja.

Noun

id c

1. ide; a fish, Leuciscus idus

Declension

Declension of id
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	id	iden	idar	idarna
Genitive	ids	idens	idars	idarnas

See also

• Leuciscus idus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Leuciscus idus on Wikispecies.Wikispecies

References

• 1. id in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
• 2. id in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
• idh in Knut Fredrik Söderwall, Ordbok öfver svenska medeltids-språket, del 1: A-L

Anagrams

• DI, di

Turkish

Noun

id (definite accusative idi, plural idler)

1. The unconscious impulsive component of the personality in the Freudian psychoanalytic model