šꜥd

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ʃɑːd/
  • Conventional anglicization: shad

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to cut off, to sever

Inflection

Conjugation of šꜥd (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: šꜥd, geminated stem: šꜥdd

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
šꜥd	šꜥdw, šꜥd	šꜥdt	šꜥd	šꜥd

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
šꜥd	ḥr šꜥd	m šꜥd	r šꜥd

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	šꜥd.n	šꜥdw, šꜥd	consecutive	šꜥd.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	šꜥdt
perfective3	šꜥd	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	šꜥd.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	šꜥd	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	šꜥd	šꜥdd	potentialis1	šꜥd.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	šꜥd	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	šꜥd.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	šꜥd	active + .tj1, .tw2	šꜥd	šꜥd, šꜥdw5, šꜥdy5
imperfective	šꜥd, šꜥdy, šꜥdw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	šꜥd, šꜥdj6, šꜥdy6	šꜥd, šꜥdw5
prospective	šꜥd, šꜥdtj7	—	šꜥdtj4, šꜥdt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šꜥd  

šꜥd

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 215, 297.