γράω
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editTraditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *gres- (“to gnaw, eat”) (although Frisk considers *gr̥s- a more appropriate reconstruction). Possible cognates include Sanskrit ग्रसति (grasati, “to devour”), Old Norse krás f (“delicious food”), and the less likely Latin grāmen n (“grass, herb”).[1]
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɡrǎː.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈɡra.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɣra.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈɣra.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈɣra.o/
Verb
editUsage notes
editThe imperative form (singular) γρά (grá, “eat!”) is given by Hesychius, whereas in Cypriot inscriptions this is found as γράσθι (grásthi).
Inflection
edit Present: γράω, γράομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | γράω | γράεις | γράει | γράετον | γράετον | γράομεν | γράετε | γράουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | γράω | γράῃς | γράῃ | γράητον | γράητον | γράωμεν | γράητε | γράωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | γράοιμῐ | γράοις | γράοι | γράοιτον | γραοίτην | γράοιμεν | γράοιτε | γράοιεν | |||||
imperative | γρᾶε | γραέτω | γράετον | γραέτων | γράετε | γραόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | γράομαι | γράῃ, γράει |
γράεται | γράεσθον | γράεσθον | γραόμεθᾰ | γράεσθε | γράονται | ||||
subjunctive | γράωμαι | γράῃ | γράηται | γράησθον | γράησθον | γραώμεθᾰ | γράησθε | γράωνται | |||||
optative | γραοίμην | γράοιο | γράοιτο | γράοισθον | γραοίσθην | γραοίμεθᾰ | γράοισθε | γράοιντο | |||||
imperative | γράου | γραέσθω | γράεσθον | γραέσθων | γράεσθε | γραέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | γράειν | γράεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | γράων | γραόμενος | ||||||||||
f | γράουσᾰ | γραομένη | |||||||||||
n | γρᾶον | γραόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔγραον | ἔγραες | ἔγραε(ν) | ἐγράετον | ἐγραέτην | ἐγράομεν | ἐγράετε | ἔγραον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐγραόμην | ἐγράου | ἐγράετο | ἐγράεσθον | ἐγραέσθην | ἐγραόμεθᾰ | ἐγράεσθε | ἐγράοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
edit- γρᾰ́σσῐς f (grássis, “green fodder”) (rare)
- γρᾰ́στῐς f (grástis, “green fodder”) (uncommon)
- κρᾰ́στῐς f (krástis, “green fodder”) (more common) probably by folk connection with an unknown word
- γραστίζω (grastízō, “to feed at grass”)
- καγρᾶς (kagrâs, “gluttonous”) (dialectal, Arcadocypriot) from κατά (katá)+γράω (gráō)
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “γράω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 286
Further reading
edit- “γράω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- γράω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- γράω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)