θεοκρατία
Ancient Greek edit
Etymology edit
From θεο- (theo-, “god, deity”) + -κρατία (-kratía, “power, rule”) from θεός and κρᾰτέω.
Coined in the 1st century CE by Josephus (Against Apion 2.17) to denote the idealistic political system of a Jewish state ordained by Moses, as contrasted with democracy, oligarchy and monarchy.
Pronunciation edit
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /tʰe.o.kraˈti.a/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /θe.o.kraˈti.a/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /θe.o.kraˈti.a/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /θe.o.kraˈti.a/
Noun edit
θεοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ • (theokratíā) f (genitive θεοκρατῐ́ᾱς); first declension (Koine)
- (politics, religion) theocracy
- 37 CE – 100 CE, Josephus, Against Apion 2.17:
- οἱ μὲν γὰρ μοναρχίαις, οἱ δὲ ταῖς ὀλίγων δυναστείαις, ἄλλοι δὲ τοῖς πλήθεσιν ἐπέτρεψαν τὴν ἐξουσίαν τῶν πολιτευμάτων. ὁ δ’ ἡμέτερος νομοθέτης εἰς μὲν τούτων οὐδοτιοῦν ἀπεῖδεν, ὡς δ’ ἄν τις εἴποι βιασάμενος τὸν λόγον θεοκρατίαν ἀπέδειξε τὸ πολίτευμα θεῷ τὴν ἀρχὴν καὶ τὸ κράτος ἀναθείς.
- hoi mèn gàr monarkhíais, hoi dè taîs olígōn dunasteíais, álloi dè toîs plḗthesin epétrepsan tḕn exousían tôn politeumátōn. ho d’ hēméteros nomothétēs eis mèn toútōn oudotioûn apeîden, hōs d’ án tis eípoi biasámenos tòn lógon theokratían apédeixe tò políteuma theôi tḕn arkhḕn kaì tò krátos anatheís.
- 1895 translation by William Whiston
- Some legislators have permitted their governments to be under monarchies, others put them under oligarchies, and others under a republican form; but our legislator had no regard to any of these forms, but he ordained our government to be what, by a strained expression, may be termed a Theocracy, by ascribing the authority and the power to God. (@perseus.tuftus.edu)
- οἱ μὲν γὰρ μοναρχίαις, οἱ δὲ ταῖς ὀλίγων δυναστείαις, ἄλλοι δὲ τοῖς πλήθεσιν ἐπέτρεψαν τὴν ἐξουσίαν τῶν πολιτευμάτων. ὁ δ’ ἡμέτερος νομοθέτης εἰς μὲν τούτων οὐδοτιοῦν ἀπεῖδεν, ὡς δ’ ἄν τις εἴποι βιασάμενος τὸν λόγον θεοκρατίαν ἀπέδειξε τὸ πολίτευμα θεῷ τὴν ἀρχὴν καὶ τὸ κράτος ἀναθείς.
Inflection edit
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ θεοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ hē theokratíā |
τὼ θεοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ tṑ theokratíā |
αἱ θεοκρᾰτῐ́αι hai theokratíai | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς θεοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱς tês theokratíās |
τοῖν θεοκρᾰτῐ́αιν toîn theokratíain |
τῶν θεοκρᾰτῐῶν tôn theokratiôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ θεοκρᾰτῐ́ᾳ têi theokratíāi |
τοῖν θεοκρᾰτῐ́αιν toîn theokratíain |
ταῖς θεοκρᾰτῐ́αις taîs theokratíais | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν θεοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱν tḕn theokratíān |
τὼ θεοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ tṑ theokratíā |
τᾱ̀ς θεοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱς tā̀s theokratíās | ||||||||||
Vocative | θεοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ theokratíā |
θεοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ theokratíā |
θεοκρᾰτῐ́αι theokratíai | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Related terms edit
- θεοκρᾱσῐ́ᾱ f (theokrāsíā, “mingling with god”)
- θεόκρῐτος m (theókritos, “judge of gods, epithet for Paris”)
- and see θεο- and-κρατία
Descendants edit
- Danish: teokrati
- Dutch: theocratie
- English: theocracy
- French: théocratie
- German: Theokratie
- Greek: θεοκρατία (theokratía)
- Italian: teocrazia
- Norwegian Bokmål: teokrati
- Portuguese: teocracia
- Romanian: teocrație
- Spanish: teocracia
- Swedish: teokrati
References edit
- “θεοκρατία”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- θεοκρατία in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Greek edit
Etymology edit
From Hellenistic Koine Greek θεοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ (theokratíā). Morphologically from θεο- (“god”) + -κρατία (“holding power, ruling”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
θεοκρατία • (theokratía) f (plural θεοκρατίας)
- (politics, religion) theocracy
- Στην αρχαία Αίγυπτο επικρατούσε θεοκρατία.
- Stin archaía Aígypto epikratoúse theokratía.
- Theocracy was dominant in Ancient Aegypt.
Declension edit
declension of θεοκρατία
case \ number | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | θεοκρατία • | θεοκρατίες • |
genitive | θεοκρατίας • | θεοκρατιών • |
accusative | θεοκρατία • | θεοκρατίες • |
vocative | θεοκρατία • | θεοκρατίες • |
Related terms edit
- θεοκρατικός (theokratikós, “theocratic”)